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作者：Chari, A. V.; Heath, Rachel; Maertens, Annemie; Fatima, Freeha
作者单位：University of Sussex; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; The World Bank
摘要：We use nationally representative household data from India to establish the intergenerational effect of early marriage on a broad set of health and educational investments and outcomes, and to explicate the underlying mechanisms. The empirical strategy utilizes variation in age at menarche to obtain exogenous variation in the age at marriage. We find that delayed marriage results in significantly better child health and educational outcomes. We further analyze a subsample of uneducated child b...
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作者：Martincus, Christian Volpe; Carballo, Jeronimo; Cusolito, Ana
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; The World Bank
摘要：Domestic road programs are often justified on the basis of their presumed positive effects on firms' exports and accordingly on firms' employment. In this paper we evaluate this policy claim for Peru, a developing country whose regions were exposed to an asymmetric infrastructure shock. In so doing, we take advantage of detailed geo-referenced data on firm-level trade for the period 2003-2010 as well as on recent and historical road infrastructure. In particular, to identify the impacts of int...
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作者：Cai, Jing; Song, Changcheng
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National University of Singapore
摘要：This study examines the effect of experience and knowledge on weather insurance adoption. First, we conduct insurance games with farmers, and find that the treatment improves real insurance take-up by 46%. The effect is not driven by changes in risk attitudes and perceived probability of disasters, or by learning of insurance benefits, but is driven by the experience acquired in the game. Second, we find that providing information about the payout probability has a strong positive effect on in...
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作者：Jensen, Nathaniel D.; Barrett, Christopher B.; Mude, Andrew G.
作者单位：CGIAR; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); Cornell University
摘要：Cash transfers and index insurance have become popular interventions by development agencies worldwide, yet surprisingly little is known about these programs' comparative impacts on participant behavior or well-being. This paper exploits exogenous variation in program participation and panel data from Kenya to compare the causal impacts of a cash transfer program (HSNP) and an index-based insurance product (IBLI), which were implemented contemporaneously among the same population. We find that...
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作者：Goeren, Erkan
作者单位：Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg
摘要：The issue of novelty-seeking traits have been related to important economic attitudes such as risk-taking, entrepreneurial, and explorative behaviors that foster technological progress and, thus, economic development. However, numerous molecular genetic studies have shown that novelty-seeking bearing individuals are prone to certain psychological disadvantages such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), leading to occupational and educational difficulties in modern societies. Usin...
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作者：BenYishay, Ariel; Grosjean, Pauline; Vecci, Joe
作者单位：William & Mary; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of Gothenburg
摘要：This paper studies the influence of marine ecology on social institutions of inheritance and descent. In a sample of 79 small-scale horticultural fishing communities in the Solomon Islands, and in samples of 186 to 1,265 societies across the world, we find that coral reef density systematically predicts the prevalence of matrilineal inheritance. Moreover, this result likely reflects adaptation of institutions to ecological conditions, as it holds within ethno-linguistic groups. Reef density ex...
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作者：Beegle, Kathleen; Galasso, Emanuela; Goldberg, Jessica
作者单位：The World Bank; The World Bank; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Labor-intensive public works programs are important social protection tools in low-income settings, intended to supplement the income of poor households and improve public infrastructure. In this evaluation of the Malawi Social Action Fund, an at-scale, government-operated program, across- and within-village randomization is used to estimate effects on food security and use of fertilizer. There is no evidence that the program improves food security and suggestive evidence of negative spillover...
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作者：Burlando, Alfredo; Canidio, Andrea
作者单位：University of Oregon; INSEAD Business School
摘要：Millions of ultra-poor households in sub-Saharan Africa rely exclusively on savings groups to meet their financial needs. However, the ability of savings groups to fully meet these needs remains unclear. We randomize at the village level the proportion of ultra-poor members of newly-formed savings groups. We find that scarcity of loanable funds is more severe in poorer groups and affects disproportionately their poorest members. A trade-off emerges between the inclusion of ultra-poor household...
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作者：Alfano, Marco
作者单位：University of Strathclyde
摘要：This paper investigates the effect of the differential pecuniary costs of sons and daughters on fertility decisions. The focus is on dowries in India, which increase the economic returns to sons and decrease the returns to daughters. The paper exploits an exogenous shift in the cost of girls relative to boys arising from a revision in anti-dowry law, which is shown to have decreased dowry transfers markedly. The reform is found to have attenuated the widely documented positive association betw...
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作者：de la Croix, David; Gobbi, Paula E.
作者单位：Universite Catholique Louvain; Universite Catholique Louvain; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
摘要：Whether the population tends towards a long-run stationary value depends on forces of demographic convergence. One such force is the result of fertility rates being negatively affected by population density. We test the existence of such an effect in 44 developing countries, matching georeferenced data from the Demographic and Health Surveys for half a million women with population density grids. We find a causal relationship from population density to fertility such that a rise in density fro...
