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作者：Gupta, Bishnupriya; Swamy, Anand V.
作者单位：University of Warwick; Williams College
摘要：The right to coerce an employee is seen as advantageous to employers. However, if coercion gives employers a bad reputation, workers may be harder to recruit. We study a unique setting in Assam's tea plantations in the 19th century, where migrant workers were recruited under two different indentured contracts, one of which was more coercive, and gained notoriety in the national press and policy circles. Using newly collected panel data on annual migration flows to seven districts over the peri...
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作者：Leon, Gianmarco
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：I combine a field experiment with a change in voting laws reducing the fine for abstention to assess the effects of monetary incentives to encourage voter participation. In a real world election, using experimental variation in the perceived reduction of the fine for abstention I estimate that receiving information about a reduction in the fine by 50 (75) percent causes a decrease in turnout of 2.6 (5.3) percentage points. These estimates imply a cost elasticity of voting of -0.22. The reducti...
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作者：Claudia Martinez, A.; Perticara, Marcela
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Universidad Alberto Hurtado
摘要：Using a randomized experiment, this study examines whether offering afterschool care for children aged between 6 and 13 has an impact on labor market outcomes for women in Chile. The results show that program participation increases employment by 5% and labor force participation by 7%, while the intervention also generates substantial childcare substitution. The results also suggest that the provision of afterschool care for older children triggers the use of free daycare for young (ineligible...
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作者：Heath, Rachel
摘要：While it is commonly assumed that fertility decreases female labor supply, I show theoretically that fertility can increase female labor supply if returns to financial inputs in children are sufficiently high compared to returns to time investments. Using six rounds of a panel survey from urban Ghana, I find evidence of countervailing effects behind a net zero effect of young children on women's hours of work: labor supply on the extensive margin drops, but women who remain in the labor force ...
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作者：Kirchberger, Martina
作者单位：Trinity College Dublin
摘要：While it is clear that natural disasters have serious welfare consequences for affected populations, less is known about how local labor markets in low-income countries adjust to such large shocks. Combining data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey, the Deslnventar database, the U.S. Geological Survey, and district-level employment indicators, this paper explores how a large earthquake in Indonesia affected labor market outcomes, in particular the evolution of wages across sectors. I find th...
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作者：Carli, Francesco; Uras, Burak R.
作者单位：Deakin University; Tilburg University
摘要：Group lending is a common practice that Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) utilize when lending to individuals without collateral. We develop a multi-agent principal-agent model with costly peer monitoring and solve for the optimal group loan contract. The optimal contract exhibits (i) a joint-liability scheme; and, (ii) asymmetric loan terms which can be interpreted as appointing a group leader, who has strong incentives to monitor her peer. Relaxing the joint-liability scheme implies the break...
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作者：Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Nyshadham, Anant
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; Boston College
摘要：We study the role of household enterprise as a coping mechanism after health shocks. Using variation in the cost of traveling to formal sector health facilities to predict recovery from acute illness in Tanzania, we show that individuals with prolonged illness switch from farm labor to enterprise activity. This response occurs along both the extensive (entry) and intensive (capital stock and labor supply) margins. Family members who are not ill exhibit exactly the same pattern of responses. De...
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作者：McArthur, John W.; McCord, Gordon C.
作者单位：Brookings Institution; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：This paper estimates the role of agronomic inputs in cereal yield improvements and the consequences for countries' processes of structural change. The results suggest a clear role for fertilizer, modern seeds and water in boosting yields. We then test for respective empirical links between agricultural yields and economic growth, labor share in agriculture and non-agricultural value added per worker. The identification strategy includes a novel instrumental variable that exploits the unique ec...
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作者：Almeida, Rita K.; Poole, Jennifer P.
作者单位：The World Bank; American University
摘要：This paper revisits the question of how trade affects labor market outcomes in a developing country setting. We explore the fact that plants face varying degrees of exposure to the enforcement of labor market regulations, and rely on Brazil's currency crisis in 1999 as an exogenous source of variation in access to foreign markets. Using administrative data on employers and their employees, and on the enforcement of labor regulations at the city level over Brazil's crisis period, we document th...
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作者：Kazianga, Harounan; Wahhaj, Zaki
作者单位：Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; University of Kent
摘要：In this paper, we investigate the link between intra-household resource allocation and familial ties between household members. We show that, within the same geographic, economic and social environments, households where members have 'stronger' familial ties (nuclear family households) achieve near Pareto efficient allocation of productive resources and Pareto efficient allocation of consumption while households with 'weaker' familial ties (extended family households) do not. We propose a theo...
