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作者：Guo, Juncong; Qu, Xi
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：In Asian countries, especially China, household investments in children's human capital have drawn consid-erable attention. In this paper, we examine the existence and strength of competition in these investments. We use data from a representative survey of middle-school students in China, focus on students with random assignments to classrooms, and construct peer-effect models. We introduce five investments, namely, two out -of-household and three intra-household investments, including money,...
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作者：Onder, Yasin Kursat
作者单位：Ghent University
摘要：This paper investigates the trade-offs of introducing an extra line of credit in an emergency situation with a quantitative sovereign default model. I show that temporary access to these lines for up to 3 percent of mean annual income during low liquidity periods yields long-term effects with a lower cost of borrowing but with incentives to accumulate higher debt. Permanent access, however, has only short-lived effects because temporal arrangement better completes the markets and induces marke...
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作者：Lagarde, Mylene; Blaauw, Duane
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Witwatersrand
摘要：Overtreatment is widespread in health, with potentially dire consequences for patients, health systems and public health. It may be fueled by providers when they do not bear the cost of treatment (moral hazard), even they do not profit financially from it (i.e. benevolent providers). We test this hypothesis by creating an exogeneous change in the incentives faced by private doctors in South Africa. We find that provider moral hazard has no effect on overtreatment in volume but fuels overtreatm...
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作者：McIntosh, Craig; Zeitlin, Andrew
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Georgetown University
摘要：We use a randomized experiment to benchmark a workforce training program to cash transfers in Rwanda. Conducted in a sample of poor and underemployed youth, this study measures the impact of the training program relative not only to a control group, but also to the counterfactual of simply disbursing the cost of the program directly to beneficiaries in cash. The training program was successful in improving a number of core outcomes, including productive hours, assets, savings, and subjective w...
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作者：Coutts, Alexander
作者单位：York University - Canada
摘要：Use of lab-in-the-field experiments has steadily increased, given benefits of studying relevant populations and their preferences. In the field, researchers must often relinquish the control of a standard laboratory, raising the specter of communication from past to future participants. Little is known about the consequences of such spillovers, and recent literature indicates variation in how authors deal with them. I provide estimates of communication spillovers using existing data from publi...
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作者：Fu, Shihe; Viard, V. Brian; Zhang, Peng
作者单位：Xiamen University; Xiamen University; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
摘要：The economic costs of trans-boundary pollution spillovers versus local effects is necessary to evaluate centralized versus decentralized environmental policies. Directly estimating these for air pollution is difficult because spillovers are high-frequency and vary with distance while economic outcomes are usually measured with low-frequency and local pollution is endogenous. We develop an approach to quantify local versus spillover effects as a flexible function of distance utilizing commonly-...
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作者：Laajaj, Rachid; Moya, Andres; Sanchez, Fabio
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：We study the ex ante motivational effect of a nationwide merit and need-based scholarship in Colombia, which granted full scholarships to low-income students at high-quality universities. Specifically, we analyze how the opportunity to receive the scholarship, influenced the performance of low-income students in the national high-school exit and 9th grade exams, and their university enrollment rates. Following a differences-in-discontinuity design, we find that the opportunity to receive the s...
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作者：Gunnsteinsson, Snaebjorn; Molina, Teresa; Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Christian, Parul; Labrique, Alain; Sugimoto, Jonathan; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; West, Keith P.
作者单位：University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRAC; BRAC University
摘要：Environmental disasters have increased in frequency and intensity as a result of climate change. Can timely intervention help protect against the health impacts of these disasters? We study this question by leveraging data from a double-blind cluster-randomized controlled trial of at-birth vitamin A supplementation, which boosts immune system functioning, in Bangladesh. During the trial, a large tornado swept through the study area, affecting both treatment and control clusters. Tornado exposu...
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作者：Kebede, Hundanol A.
作者单位：Southern Illinois University System; Southern Illinois University
摘要：I study to what extent farm household's production decisions are dictated by their consumption preferences - widely known as the separability hypothesis - and explore how this is related to market integration. My empirical approach is derived from a theoretical insight that if household production decision is independent of its consumption preferences, the household's tastes for different crops should not affect household land allocation across the crops, and the extent to which the crop taste...
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作者：Britos, Braulio; Hernandez, Manuel A.; Robles, Miguel; Trupkin, Danilo R.
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Universidad del Pacifico Peru; University of Buenos Aires
摘要：Farm size and land allocation are important factors in explaining lagging agricultural productivity in developing countries. This paper examines the effect of land market imperfections on land allocation across farmers and aggregate agricultural productivity. We develop a theoretical framework to model the optimal size distribution of farms and assess to what extent market imperfections can explain non-optimal land allocation and output inefficiency. We measure these distortions for the case o...
