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作者：Alloush, Mo; Bloem, Jeffrey R.
作者单位：Hamilton College; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
摘要：We estimate the relationship between neighborhood violence and psychological well-being using nationally representative panel data from South Africa. We use data on household-level perceptions of neighborhood violence as well as reported crimes and local media reports to measure violence. First, we find the poor live in neighborhoods that they perceive to have higher levels of violence and have objectively more violence. Second, higher levels of both perceived and objective violence are strong...
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作者：Dhami, Sanjit; Arshad, Junaid; al-Nowaihi, Ali
作者单位：University of Leicester; University of St Andrews
摘要：We study, theoretically and empirically, the effort choices of microfinance borrowers under individual liability (IL) and joint liability (JL) contracts when loan repayments are made either privately or publicly. Our theoretical model identifies guilt aversion in a JL contract and shame aversion under public repayment of loans as the main psychological drivers of effort choice. Evidence from our lab-in-the-field experiment in Pakistan reveals large treatment effects and confirms the central ro...
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作者：Cheng, Nora; Fan, Elliott; Wu, Tsong-Min
作者单位：National Taiwan University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Taiwan University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We analyze the economic motives for the sudden demise in foot-binding, a self-harming custom widely practiced by Chinese females for centuries. We use newly-discovered Taiwanese data to estimate the extent to which females unbound their feet in response to the rapid growth in sugarcane cultivation in the early 20th century, growth which significantly boosted the demand for female labor. We find that cane cultivation significantly induced unbinding, with the IV estimations utilizing cane railro...
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作者：Channa, Hira; Ricker-Gilbert, Jacob; Feleke, Shiferaw; Abdoulaye, Tahirou
作者单位：The World Bank; Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：Maintaining staple grains throughout the year and managing liquidity are two major challenges that smallholder farmers face at harvest. We implemented a randomized controlled trial in Tanzania that was designed to address these post-harvest constraints. First, we offered treated farmers two hermetic (airtight) storage bags, which helped preserve grain quantity and quality. Second, we offered other treated farmers a loan at harvest, which reduced the liquidity constraints they faced. Repayment ...
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作者：Barrera-Osorio, Felipe; Cilliers, Jacobus; Cloutier, Marie-Helene; Filmer, Deon
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Georgetown University; The World Bank
摘要：A randomized evaluation of two teacher incentive programs was conducted in a nationally representative sample of 420 public primary schools in Guinea. In 140 schools, high-performing teachers were rewarded in-kind, with the value of goods increasing with level of performance. In another 140 schools, high-performing teachers received a certificate and public recognition from the government. After one year, the in-kind program improved learning by 0.24 standard deviations, while the recognition ...
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作者：Bartkus, Viva Ona; Brooks, Wyatt; Kaboski, Joseph P.; Pelnik, Carolyn
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Tufts University
摘要：Middlemen are ubiquitous in supply chains. In developing countries they help bring products from remote communities to end markets but may exert strong market power. We study a cooperative intervention which organizes together poor fishing communities in the Amazon - one of the poorest and most remote regions of the world - to purchase large boats in order to partially bypass middlemen and deliver their fish directly to market. We find that the intervention increases income by 27%, largely thr...
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作者：Li, Huiyu
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco
摘要：This paper argues that earnings-based borrowing is important for understanding the extent to which financial frictions lower aggregate productivity (TFP). It builds a general equilibrium model of misallocation due to financial frictions wherein firms borrow by pledging assets and earnings. The model is disciplined to match evidence on aggregate leverage and on the firm-level relationship between leverage and the output-to-capital ratio. Conditional on aggregate leverage, the TFP loss from fina...
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作者：Michler, Jeffrey D.; Josephson, Anna; Kilic, Talip; Murray, Siobhan
作者单位：University of Arizona; The World Bank
摘要：When publishing socioeconomic survey data, survey programs implement a variety of statistical methods designed to preserve privacy but which come at the cost of distorting the data. We explore the extent to which spatial anonymization methods to preserve privacy in the large-scale surveys supported by the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) introduce measurement error in econometric estimates when that survey data is integrated with remote...
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作者：Barrett, Philip; Appendino, Maximiliano; Nguyen, Kate; Miranda, Jorge de Leon
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; International Monetary Fund; INSEAD Business School; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：We present a new index of social unrest based on counts of relevant media reports, covering 130 countries monthly starting in 1986. Spikes in the index identify major events, which match event timelines from external sources for four major regional waves of social unrest. We assess our index against others and show it performs as well as the next best alternative but with superior coverage. Social unrest is associated with a 3 percentage point increase in the frequency of social unrest domesti...
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作者：Rustagi, Devesh; Kroell, Markus
作者单位：University of Nottingham; Brown University; University of Bonn
摘要：There is astounding variation in product quality sold in markets even when quality is difficult to ascertain and rules are poorly enforced. We investigate whether sellers differ in innate honesty (incur private cost to provide good quality) and whether this explains the variation in quality. Our study takes place in milk markets in India, where milkmen collude on price, customer rarely switch, and it is difficult to establish reputation. We invite milkmen to take part in a novel behavioral exp...
