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作者：Harris-Fry, Helen; Saville, Naomi M.; Paudel, Puskar; Manandhar, Dharma S.; Cortina-Borja, Mario; Skordis, Jolene
作者单位：University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London
摘要：We estimate the effects of antenatal food and cash transfers with women's groups on household allocative behaviour and explore whether these effects are explained by intergenerational bargaining among women. Interventions were tested in randomised-controlled trial in rural Nepal, in a food-insecure context where pregnant women are allocated the least adequate diets. We show households enrolled in a cash transfer intervention allocated pregnant women with 2-3 pp larger shares of multiple foods ...
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作者：D'Exelle, Ben; Ringdal, Charlotte
作者单位：University of East Anglia; University of Amsterdam; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：Despite the increased availability of family planning services (FPS) in low-income countries, their use remains low, especially in rural sub-Saharan Africa. To investigate to what extent this is explained by the husband's involvement in the decision process, we use an experiment in rural Tanzania in which couples choose between two payments, one being conditional on attending a family planning meeting at a health center. Experimentally varying the husband's involvement, we find that FPS are mo...
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作者：Tompsett, Anna
作者单位：Stockholm University
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作者：Tsuda, Shunsuke
作者单位：Brown University
摘要：This paper sheds light on the structure of factor and output market frictions to investigate long-term effects of refugee inflows on host farmers. Combining a canonical agricultural household model, the natural experimental setting of mass refugee inflows into Tanzania in the early 1990s, and longitudinal panel data from the host economy, I show that refugee inflows cause market-specific gains and losses. Refugee inflows tighten the off-farm labor market participation constraint, implying an i...
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作者：Stiebale, Joel; Vencappa, Dev
作者单位：Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; University of Nottingham; University of Manchester; Alliance Manchester Business School; University of Manchester
摘要：Recent theoretical contributions provide conflicting predictions about the effects of product market competition on firms' organizational choices. This paper uses a rich firm-product-level panel data set of Indian manufacturing firms to analyze the relationship between import competition and vertical integration. Exploiting exogenous variation from changes in India's trade policy, we find that foreign competition, induced by falling output tariffs, increases backward vertical integration by do...
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作者：Chan, Jeff
作者单位：Wilfrid Laurier University
摘要：I examine how market access affects farming output and whether changes to output were driven by increasing concentration in production. To do so, I use the American railroad expansion in the late 19th century as a natural experiment. I first show that farm output increases in counties with greater market access but output concentration does not. I show that changes in farming output are driven by an expansion in land used for farming and increased rural population. Finally, I use potential yie...
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作者：Brotherhood, Luiz; Cavalcanti, Tiago; Da Mata, Daniel; Santos, Cezar
作者单位：University of Barcelona; Getulio Vargas Foundation; University of Cambridge; Getulio Vargas Foundation; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：How do slums shape the economic and health dynamics of pandemics? A difference-in-differences analysis using millions of mobile phones in Brazil shows that residents of overcrowded slums engaged in less social distancing after the outbreak of Covid-19. We develop and calibrate a choice-theoretic equilibrium model in which individuals are heterogeneous in income and some people live in high-density slums. Slum residents account for a disproportionately high number of infections and deaths and, ...
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作者：Klonner, Stefan; Oldiges, Christian
作者单位：Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; University of Oxford
摘要：We assess the welfare effects of India's workfare program NREGA using a novel, almost sharp regression discontinuity design. We find large seasonal consumption increases in states implementing the program intensely, which are a multiple of the direct income gains. We also find increases in adolescents' schooling. Our results imply substantial beneficial indirect effects of this large welfare program. We conclude that public employment programs hold significant potential for reducing poverty an...
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作者：Pellegrina, Heitor S.
作者单位：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi
摘要：This paper studies how regional productivity shocks in agriculture propagate to the rest of the economy via trade and migration linkages, shaping their aggregate effects on GDP, welfare, and agricultural employment. Using comprehensive agricultural data from Brazil, I estimate a general equilibrium model with a rich spatial structure to evaluate the effects of a critical shock in modern agriculture: the adaptation of soybeans to tropical regions. Results show that this shock increased Brazil's...
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作者：Kochar, Anjini; Nagabhushana, Closepet; Sarkar, Ritwik; Shah, Rohan; Singh, Geeta
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Government programs supporting self help groups (SHGs) generally target women on the assumption that doing so enhances women's decision-making. The empirical evidence, however, is mixed. We advance and test one explanation: the loan amounts offered by most SHGs may be too small to impact women. Our analysis is based on SHGs developed under India's National Rural Livelihoods Mission, a program that supported both small loans from internal savings and larger loans through Community Investment Fu...
