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作者：Bhattacharya, Sourav; Chakraborty, Pavel; Chatterjee, Chirantan
作者单位：Indian Institute of Management (IIM System); Indian Institute of Management Calcutta; Lancaster University; University of Sussex; Stanford University
摘要：We use The Patents (Amendment) Act, 2002 in India as a quasi-natural experiment to identify the causal effect of higher incentives for innovation on a firm's compensation structure. We find that stronger intellectual property (IP) protection has a sharper impact on the demand for managerial skill for technologically advanced firms. Firms that were a-priori above the industry median (in terms of technology adoption, more so for R&D expenditure) witness a rise in the share of managerial compensa...
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作者：Amirapu, Amrit; Asadullah, M. Niaz; Wahhaj, Zaki
作者单位：University of Kent; Monash University; Monash University Malaysia
摘要：Traditional gender norms can restrict independent migration by women, thus preventing them from taking advantage of economic opportunities in urban areas. To explore this phenomenon, we develop a model in which women make marriage and migration decisions jointly. The model shows that, in response to a decline in the economic cost of migration, women may use marital migration to circumvent social barriers to female independent migration. To test this and related hypotheses, we use the construct...
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作者：Mayda, Anna-Maria; Parsons, Christopher; Pham, Han; Vezina, Pierre-Louis
作者单位：Georgetown University; University of Western Australia; University of London; King's College London
摘要：We exploit the designs of two separate US refugee dispersal policies to provide causal evidence that refugees foster outward FDI to their countries and regions of origin. Drawing upon aggregated individual-level refugee and project-level FDI data, we show this effect holds in terms of new FDI projects, as well as capital invested and jobs created. Focusing on the specific case of Vietnam, we provide evidence that national domestic reforms amplified the positive FDI-creating effects of the over...
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作者：Guerrero-Amezaga, Maria Elena; Humphries, John Eric; Neilson, Christopher A.; Shimberg, Naomi; Ulyssea, Gabriel
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Yale University; Princeton University; Yale University; University of London; University College London
摘要：This paper studies the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on small businesses between March and November 2020 using new survey data on 35,000 small businesses in eight Latin American countries. We document that the pandemic had large negative impacts on employment and beliefs regarding the future, which in turn predict meaningful economic outcomes in the medium-term. Despite the unprecedented amount of aid, policies had limited impact for small and informal firms. These firms were less aware of ...
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作者：Brooks, Wyatt; Donovan, Kevin; Johnson, Terence R.; Oluoch-Aridi, Jackline
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Yale University; University of Virginia; Strathmore University; University of Notre Dame
摘要：We deliver one month's average profit to a randomly selected group of female microenterprise owners in Dandora, Kenya, arriving just in advance of an exponential growth in COVID-19 cases. Relative to a control group, firms recoup about one third of their initial decline in profit, and food expenditures increase. Control profit responds to economic conditions and government announcements during our study period, and treatment effects are largest when control profit is at its lowest. PPE spendin...
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作者：Brune, Lasse; Karlan, Dean; Kurdi, Sikandra; Udry, Christopher
作者单位：Northwestern University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：Social protection programs are needed more than ever during periods of social upheaval, but are also likely to be even harder to implement successfully. Furthermore, social upheaval makes measuring the impact of such policies all the more difficult. We study the impact of a multi-faceted social protection program, often referred to as a Graduation model program, in Yemen during a period of civil unrest. We are unable to measure outcomes for four years, thus much remains unknown about what tran...
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作者：Laitin, David D.; Ramachandran, Rajesh
作者单位：Stanford University; Monash University; Monash University Malaysia
摘要：The mechanisms linking high ethnic fractionalization (ELF) to poor economic outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa remain obscure. This paper proposes that high ELF raises the costs of implementing indigenous language education policies, and that the concomitant reliance on colonial languages as media of instruction lowers human capital development, our measure for economic failure. Exploiting the fact that 101 linguistic groups in sub-Saharan Africa cross country borders that have different language-...
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作者：Anukriti, S.; Kwon, Sungoh; Prakash, Nishith
作者单位：The World Bank; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut
摘要：The ancient custom of dowry, i.e., bride-to-groom marriage payments, remains ubiquitous in many contempo-rary societies. Using data from 1986-2007, this paper examines whether dowry impacts intertemporal resource allocation and other household decisions in rural India. Utilizing variation in firstborn gender and dowry amounts across marriage markets, we find that the prospect of higher dowry payments at the time of a daughter's marriage leads parents to save more in advance. The higher savings...
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作者：Cervellati, Matteo; Esposito, Elena; Sunde, Uwe; Yuan, Song
作者单位：University of Bologna; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Lausanne; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Warwick
摘要：We present novel evidence for the influence of malaria exposure on the geographic location of Chinese economic activities in Africa. The hypothesis is based on the observation that many Chinese aid projects and infrastructure contractors rely on Chinese personnel. High malaria exposure might constitute an important impediment to their employment and productivity. Combining data on Chinese aid and construction projects with geo-localized information about the presence of individuals from intern...
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作者：Tourek, Gabriel
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：This paper describes tax behavior among firms in a low-income country that diverges from traditional models of compliance. Using the universe of administrative filings in Rwanda, I find that many firms consistently pay identical amounts in income tax year after year. Evidence from a survey of filers, matched to administrative filings, suggests that constraints on documenting and verifying earnings motivates a heuristic of targeting past payment amounts. To illustrate the policy relevance of th...
