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作者：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
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作者：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：Did women's suffrage affect media sentiment toward voting rights and narratives about women more generally? I identify pro- and anti-suffrage language using publications that explicitly argued for or against early voting reform. I then measure media sentiment using language in newspapers and topic modeling to identify common themes about either suffrage or women. Difference-in-differences estimates show that newspaper coverage of suffrage increased when women won the vote but then declined bel...
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作者：University of California System; University of California Davis; North Carolina State University
摘要：The Corn Belt is famously responsible for the bulk of U.S. corn production, and over half of its production comes from counties that rely on artificial drainage. We trace the history of this extensive investment in farmland and document the importance of a key institutional innovation, the drainage management district, which increased the land value of naturally wet eastern U.S. counties by 20-37 percent ($16.8-18.7 billion in 2020 dollars). While dramatically increasing agricultural productiv...
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作者：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
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作者：Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS); Uppsala University; Lund University; Lund University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：This paper documents how the advent of the limited liability corporation contributed to the diffusion of steam technology during Sweden's industrialization. Using longitudinal establishment-level data, we show that incorporation sharply raised the probability that industrial establishments adopted steam. Incorporation facilitated technology adoption partly by enabling smaller establishments to expand to a greater scale, where the use of steam became feasible. These results highlight that low b...
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作者：Northwestern University; University of Manchester
摘要：As late as 1750, Portugal had a high output per head by Western European standards. Yet just a century later, Portugal was this region's poorest country. In this paper, we show that the discovery of massive quantities of gold in Brazil over the eighteenth century played a key role in the long-run development of Portugal. The country suffered from an economic and political resource curse. A counterfactual based on synthetic control methods suggests that by 1800 Portugal's GDP per capita was 40 ...
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作者：University of Zurich
摘要：Early modern urban parliaments suffered an increasing monopolization of political power that hampered urban development. To combat power monopolization, some Swiss city-states reformed their election systems by randomly selecting political representatives from a pre-elected pool of candidates. We implement a difference-in-differences design and find that lottery-based election systems improved the equality of distribution of political seats within parliaments. Lottery-based elections also had ...
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作者：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Luxembourg; Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The Messina-Reggio Calabria Earthquake (1908) was one of the most devastating natural disasters in modern European history. It occurred when overseas mass emigration from southern Italy was at its peak and international borders were open, making emigration a readily available option for relief. We find that the earthquake had no large positive impact on emigration on average. There were, however, heterogeneous responses, with a more positive effect where agricultural day laborers comprised a l...
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作者：Middlebury College; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：The eighteenth-century French slave ship the Bonne Soci & eacute;t & eacute; traded bundles of goods in exchange for slaves in Loango. We present detailed evidence from the ship's trading log that decomposes the goods in the bundle and identifies the European and African merchants selling captives to the ship. Prices steadily increased throughout the captain's stay in port, and the captain increased the bundle's price by adding more goods and adding high-priced goods. Sellers participated both...
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作者：Federal Reserve System - USA
