作者：Spitzer, Yannay; Tortorici, Gaspare; Zimran, Ariell
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Luxembourg; Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The Messina-Reggio Calabria Earthquake (1908) was one of the most devastating natural disasters in modern European history. It occurred when overseas mass emigration from southern Italy was at its peak and international borders were open, making emigration a readily available option for relief. We find that the earthquake had no large positive impact on emigration on average. There were, however, heterogeneous responses, with a more positive effect where agricultural day laborers comprised a l...
作者：Okazaki, Tetsuji; Okubo, Toshihiro; Strobl, Eric
作者单位：Keio University; University of Bern; University of Birmingham
摘要：We explore the role that large fires played in the early development of the Japanese fire insurance industry. Using a prefecture-level data set spanning 30 years, our econometric analysis shows that large fires led to an increase in new policies and policy renewals, consistent with historical narratives that insurance companies used these events to advertise their business. We also show that this subsequent surge in policies led to more small fires due to arson. Anecdotal evidence suggests tha...
