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作者：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
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作者：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：Did women's suffrage affect media sentiment toward voting rights and narratives about women more generally? I identify pro- and anti-suffrage language using publications that explicitly argued for or against early voting reform. I then measure media sentiment using language in newspapers and topic modeling to identify common themes about either suffrage or women. Difference-in-differences estimates show that newspaper coverage of suffrage increased when women won the vote but then declined bel...
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作者：Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis
摘要：This paper provides quantitative evidence on interbank transmission of financial distress in the Panic of 1907 and ensuing recession. Originating in New York City, the panic led to payment suspensions and emergency currency issuance in many cities. Data on the universe of interbank connections show that (1) suspension was more likely in cities whose banks had closer ties to banks at the center of the panic, (2) banks with such links were more likely to close in the panic and recession, and (3)...
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作者：Vienna University of Economics & Business
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作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We evaluate the role of taxes on overseas trade in the development of imperial Britain's fiscal-military state. Influential work, for example, Brewer's Sinews of Power, attributed increased fiscal capacity to the taxation of domestic, rather than traded, goods: excise revenues, coarsely associated with domestic goods, grew faster than customs revenues. We construct new historical revenue series disaggregating excise revenues from traded and domestic goods. We find substantial growth in revenue...
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作者：Dartmouth College
摘要：The decision by developing countries to open up their economies to foreign trade and investment in the 1980s and 1990s was a momentous event in world history. How and why did this trade policy revolution take place? Most accounts of trade politics stress domestic interest groups or trade agreements as driving policy changes, but these explanations fail in this period. This paper notes that many import restrictions were imposed for balance of payments purposes, as a way of avoiding a devaluatio...
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作者：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper uses newly digitized data on the growth of the telegraph network in America during 1840-1852 to study the impacts of the electric telegraph on national elections. Exploiting the expansion of the telegraph network in a difference-in-difference approach, I find that access to telegraphed news from Washington significantly increased voter turnout in national elections. Newspapers facilitated the dissemination of national news to local areas. Text analysis on historical newspapers shows...
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作者：University of Toronto; University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We ask (1) why the United States adopted the car more quickly than other countries before 1929, and (2) why in the United States the car changed from a luxury to a mass-market good between 1909 and 1919. The answer is in part the success of the Model T in the United States. Mass production of the Model T began in 1913; by 1917, more than 40 percent of U.S. cars were Model Ts. Tariffs and difficulties producing outside Detroit made the U.S. success of the Model T difficult to replicate abroad.
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作者：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Manchester
摘要：This paper uses Japanese village censuses, 1637-1872, to measure inequality in landownership. Surprisingly, inequality was low and stable, unlike in Europe, where it was high and increasing. To explain this, I study inter-generational land transmissions. I find that Japanese households without sons adopted male heirs, thereby keeping lands in the family. In contrast, elite English male lines failed 20-30 percent of the time as adoptions were uncommon, leading to a highly unequal redistribution...
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作者：University of California System; University of California Davis; North Carolina State University
摘要：The Corn Belt is famously responsible for the bulk of U.S. corn production, and over half of its production comes from counties that rely on artificial drainage. We trace the history of this extensive investment in farmland and document the importance of a key institutional innovation, the drainage management district, which increased the land value of naturally wet eastern U.S. counties by 20-37 percent ($16.8-18.7 billion in 2020 dollars). While dramatically increasing agricultural productiv...
