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作者：Goldberg, PK; Knetter, MM
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper develops an approach to measuring the intensity of competition in international markets using readily available data on destination-specific values and quantities of exports at the seven-digit industry level. The intensity of competition a group of exporters faces in a particular export market is measured by the residual demand elasticity the group faces. This elasticity is identified by exchange rate shocks which rotate the supply relation of the source-country export group relativ...
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作者：Falvey, R
作者单位：University of Nottingham
摘要：This paper examines the effects of trade liberalization on international disparities in factor real returns in a model with more factors than goods. Existing trade interventions are assumed to be restricting trade. We find that any bias for or against factor price convergence depends on the underlying source of comparative advantage. Where trade is based on differences in factor endowments, trade liberalization has a bias towards factor price convergence. Where trade is based on technology dif...
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作者：Bernhofen, DM
作者单位：Clark University
摘要：We conduct a theory-based empirical study of intraindustry trade in homogeneous products. We derive an oligopolistic model of intra-industry trade, which is an extension of the segmented market model of trade, initially proposed by [Brander, J. A., 1981, Intra-industry trade in identical commodities, Journal of International Economics 11, 1-14]. The empirical implementations of the model are investigated in the contest of the petrochemical industry. Our analysis employs a unique data set conta...
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作者：Bougheas, S; Demetriades, PO; Morgenroth, ELW
作者单位：London South Bank University; Staffordshire University; Keele University
摘要：This paper examines the role of infrastructure in a bilateral trade model with transport costs. Transport costs are assumed to depend inversely on the level of infrastructure. The accumulation of infrastructure, however, is subject to a resource cost technology which includes both fixed and variable components. It is shown that, depending on geography and endowments, equilibria with or without infrastructure can be obtained. For pairs of countries for which investment in infrastructure is opti...
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作者：Kolev, DR; Prusa, TJ
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine the incentives for a government to levy an optimal tariff on a foreign monopolist with unknown costs. With complete information, the home government uses a discriminatory tariffs policy to extract rents. If the government is incompletely informed about costs, we show that under reasonable conditions the unique equilibrium involves pooling where the firm exports the same quantity regardless of its efficiency. We find that in general home welfare is higher under alternative policies s...
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作者：Rauch, JE
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：I propose a network/search view of international trade in differentiated products. I present evidence that supports the view that proximity and common language/colonial ties are more important for differentiated products than for products traded on organized exchanges in matching international buyers and sellers, and that search barriers to trade are higher for differentiated than for homogeneous products. I also discuss alternative explanations for the findings. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V....
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作者：Nair-Reichert, U; Pomery, J
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：This paper investigates how union activity that captures R&D rents alters the strategic investment behavior of internationally competitive firms. The effect of union activity in the Spencer, B.J., Brander, J.A., 1983 [International R&D rivalry and industrial strategy, Review of Economic Studies 50, 707-722] framework is to reduce the firm's strategic investment in R&D and its export market share. The empirical investigation at the industry level indicates that union activity has a significant ...
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作者：Raff, H; Kim, YH
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Hankuk University Foreign Studies
摘要：This paper examines government intervention to help exporters overcome informational barriers to entry into foreign markets. Foreign consumers know the quality of a local good but not that of the imported substitute. An exporter who chooses high quality needs to signal this choice to foreign consumers via a high introductory price. Export policy affects both the signaling distortion and competition between exporter and incumbent. The signaling distortion may call for an export subsidy, competi...
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作者：Bartolini, L; Prati, A
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; International Monetary Fund
摘要：We present a model of a soft exchange rate target zone and interpret it as a stylized description of the post-august 1993 ERM. Our central bank targets a moving average of the current and past exchange rates, rather than the exchange rate's current level, thus allowing the rate to move within wide margins in the short run, but within narrow margins in the long run. For realistic parameters, soft target zones are significantly less vulnerable to speculative attacks than hard target zones. These...
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作者：Feenstra, RC; Rauch, JE
