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作者：Hainmueller, Jens; Hiscox, Michael J.; Margalit, Yotam
作者单位：Stanford University; Harvard University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：Are concerns about labor market competition a powerful source of anti-immigrant sentiment? Several prominent studies have examined survey data on voters and concluded that fears about the negative effects of immigration on wages and employment play a major role generating anti-immigrant attitudes. We examine new data from a targeted survey of US. employees in 12 different industries. In contrast with previous studies, the findings indicate that fears about labor market competition do not appea...
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作者：Berman, Nicolas; Berthou, Antoine; Hericourt, Jerome
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; European Central Bank; Bank of France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Humanities & Social Sciences (INSHS); Universite de Lille
摘要：How do firms' sales interact across markets? Are foreign and domestic sales complements or substitutes? Using a French firm-level database combining balance-sheet and product-destination-specific export information over the period 1995-2001, we study how demand conditions in foreign markets affect domestic sales through variations in exports. We identify a number of exogenous shocks affecting the firms' demand on foreign markets, including product-destination specific imports or tariff changes...
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作者：Harrigan, James; Ma, Xiangjun; Shlychkov, Victor
作者单位：University of Virginia; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of International Business & Economics
摘要：Using confidential firm-level data from the United States in 2002, we show that exporting firms charge prices for narrowly defined goods that differ substantially with the characteristics of firms and export markets. We control for selection into export markets using a three-stage estimator. We have three main results. First, we find that highly productive and skill-intensive firms charge higher prices, while capital-intensive firms charge lower prices. Second, U.S. firms charge substantially ...
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作者：Alesina, Alberto; Favero, Carlo; Giavazzi, Francesco
作者单位：Harvard University; Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We show that the correct experiment to evaluate the effects of a fiscal adjustment is the simulation of a multiyear fiscal plan rather than of individual fiscal shocks. Simulation of fiscal plans adopted by 16 OECD countries over a 30-year period supports the hypothesis that the effects of consolidations depend on their design. Fiscal adjustments based upon spending cuts are much less costly, in terms of output losses, than tax-based ones and have especially low output costs when they consist ...
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作者：Benetrix, Agustin S.; Lane, Philip R.; Shambaugh, Jay C.
作者单位：Trinity College Dublin; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; George Washington University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine the evolution of international currency exposures, with a particular focus on the 2002-12 period. During the run up to the global financial crisis, there was a widespread shift towards positive net foreign currency positions, such that relatively few countries exhibited the archetypal emerging-market short foreign currency position on the eve of the global financial crisis. During the crisis, the upheaval in currency markets generated substantial currency-generated valuation effects...
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作者：Wang, Yongjin; Zhao, Laixun
作者单位：Nankai University; Kobe University
摘要：This paper links firms' endogenous quality choices to worker effort and efficiency wages. In the model, firms differ in their ability to monitor workers who have an incentive to shirk. As high quality output requires high worker effort, it is firms with better monitoring ability that upgrade their quality. Indeed, these firms upgrade their quality to such a degree that they also end up paying higher wages to induce even more worker effort. Trade liberalization can induce greater or smaller wag...
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作者：Soderbery, Anson
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：Feenstra (1994) developed, and Broda and Weinstein (2006) refined, a structural estimator of import demand and supply elasticities. Working through the first principles of the methodology from Learner (1981), this paper analyzes and improves the technique to provide a unified estimator of import supply and demand elasticities. The proposed LIML routine corrects small sample biases and constrained search inefficiencies. Previously used estimates are shown to overestimate the median elasticity o...
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作者：Timoshenko, Olga A.
作者单位：George Washington University; George Washington University
摘要：New exporters add and drop products with much greater frequency than old exporters. This paper explains this behavior with a model of demand learning in which an exporter's profitability on the demand side is determined by a time-invariant firm-destination appeal index, and transient firm-destination-year preference shocks. New exporters must learn about their appeal indices in the presence of these shocks, and respond to fluctuations in demand by adding and dropping products more frequently t...
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作者：Lacovone, Leonardo; Javorcik, Beata; Keller, Wolfgang; Tybout, James
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Oxford; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Bureau of Economic Research; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：This paper examines the effect of Walmart's entry into Mexico on Mexican manufacturers of consumer goods. Guided by firm interviews that suggested substantial heterogeneity across firms in how they responded to Walmart's entry, we develop a dynamic industry model in which firms decide whether to sell their products through Walmex (short for Walmart de Mexico), or use traditional retailers. Walmex provides access to a larger market, but it puts continuous pressure on its suppliers to improve th...
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作者：Cadot, Olivier; Fernandes, Ana M.; Gourdon, Julien; Mattoo, Aaditya
作者单位：University of Lausanne; The World Bank
摘要：This paper evaluates the effects of the FAMEX export promotion program in Tunisia on the performance of beneficiary firms. While most studies assess only the short-term impact of such programs, we consider also the longer-term impact. Our estimates suggest that the average beneficiary initially saw both higher overall export levels and greater diversification across destinations and products. However, three years after the intervention, beneficiaries' export levels and diversification were no ...
