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作者：Carraro, C; Galeotti, M; Gallo, M
作者单位：Fondazione Mattei; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Bergamo
摘要：The employment 'double dividend hypothesis' suggests that an appropriately designed fiscal reform, in which emission charges are used to subsidize employers' social security contributions, may realize (at least) two relevant policy goals: a better quality of the environment and, at the same time, an increase in employment levels. This paper uses a newly developed econometric general equilibrium model for the European Union as well as for each member country and presents simulation results up t...
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作者：Parsons, DO
摘要：This paper derives the optimal benefit structure of an earnings insurance program when a characteristic or 'tag' imperfectly identifies those unable to work. With a two-sided classification error, the optimal program is a dual work incentive system, with a work/non-work consumption differential maintained for the tagged and untagged just sufficient to induce the able in each group to work, and with more generous payments to tagged than to untagged individuals of the same work status. It includ...
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作者：Bovenberg, AL; vanderPloeg, F
作者单位：Tilburg University; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Amsterdam
摘要：The implications of more environmental concern for the optimal provision of public goods, tax structure, and involuntary unemployment are derived within a second-best framework in which lump-sum taxes are not available and labour supply is rationed owing to a rigid consumer wage. A shift towards greener preferences may boost employment and public consumption if initial environmental concern is small, a fixed factor plays a major role in production, and pollution is reduced through more labour-...
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作者：Laffont, JJ; Tirole, J
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper analyzes the impact of spot and futures markets for tradeable pollution permits on the potential polluters' compliance decisions. Polluters can buy permits, invest in pollution abatement, or else stop production or source out. We show that stand-alone spot markets induce excessive investment. The introduction of a futures market reduces this incentive to invest, but is not the optimal way to control pollution. A menu of options on pollution rights, possibly coupled with intertempora...
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作者：Levinson, A
摘要：This paper uses establishment-level data from the Census of Manufactures and the Survey of Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures to examine the effect of differences in the stringency of state environmental regulations on establishment location choice. Unlike previous work in this area, which has focused on particular industries or sets of plants and on one or two measures of environmental regulatory stringency, this study explores the relationship between site choice and environmental re...
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作者：Gordon, R; Siniscalco, D
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作者：HoltzEakin, D; Penrod, JR; Rosen, HS
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Princeton University
摘要：Some commentators have suggested that non-portable health insurance impedes people from leaving their jobs to start new firms, so that universal health insurance would significantly enhance entrepreneurial activity. We investigate this belief by comparing wage-earners who become self-employed during a given period of time with their counterparts who do not. By examining the impact of variables relating to the health insurance and health status of these workers and their families we attempt to ...
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作者：Laffont, JJ; Tirole, J
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper starts with a warning about the negative impact of plain pollution allowance markets on environmental pollution innovation. Stand-alone spot markets enable the government to expropriate an innovation by offering a competing 'technology' (pollution permits) that puts an arbitrary downward pressure on the licensing price. Advance allowances reduce expropriation but still create suboptimal incentives for innovation. They have the further drawback that permits are inefficiently used whe...
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作者：Cummins, JG; Hassett, KA; Hubbard, RG
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We use firm-level panel data to explore the extent to which fixed investment responds to tax reforms in 14 OECD countries. Previous studies have often found that investment does not respond to changes in the marginal cost of investment. We identify some of the factors responsible for this finding, and employ an estimation procedure that sidesteps the most important of them. In so doing, we find evidence of statistically and economically significant investment responses to tax changes in 12 of ...
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作者：Farzin, YH
摘要：Underlying some of the most pressing environmental problems are the interlinked resource and environmental stock externalities with threshold effects. Using a simple dynamic model, it is shown how in the face of such externalities the static market-based policy instruments such as Pigouvian taxes should be modified. It is shown that even if for an initial period there is going to be no pollution stock damage, the optimal policy still requires that abatement begins immediately and at increasing...
