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作者：Hudson, J; Godwin, M
作者单位：University of Bath
摘要：This paper analyses the determinants of compliance costs of the system of direct taxation known as Pay as you Earn (PAYE) in the UK. This is administered by firms who deduct the tax from their employees and, after a lag, pay it to the Government. The analysis shows that there are important economies of scale. In addition compliance costs are directly proportional to (i) 'disturbance variables' such as labour market flows, (ii) 'complexity variables' as proxied by the average wage and the propo...
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作者：Coleman, WJ II
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：This paper estimates that the US could attain large welfare gains by implementing an optimal Ramsey tax policy that taxes consumption and income. It is also found that the welfare implications associated with taxing consumption are quantitatively more important than those associated with dynamically taxing income. Indeed, replacing income taxes with a constant consumption tax leads to a welfare gain that is only slightly lower than that attained by a dynamic policy that taxes consumption and i...
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作者：Lang, MH; Shackelford, DA
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：We empirically document that stock prices moved inversely with dividend yields during the May, 1997 week when the White House and Congress agreed on a budget accord that included a reduction in the capital gains tax rate. The findings are consistent with equity prices capitalizing expected capital gains taxes. Two scenarios are possible. First, to the extent returns are expected to be taxed as capital gains, a reduction in the expected capital gains tax rate enhances market value. Second, to t...
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作者：Pelloni, A; Waldmann, R
作者单位：University of Manchester; University of Sassari; G d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara
摘要：In models with a capital spillover, the market outcome is not Pareto efficient since agents ignore the positive externalities caused by investment. One might conclude that taxes on investment or subsidies to consumption will reduce welfare. However, in a model of endogenous growth, either a small tax on capital income, whose proceeds are wasted, increases growth and welfare or a small marginal subsidy to consumption increases growth and welfare. Also if the tax on capital income does not incre...
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作者：De Borger, B
作者单位：University of Antwerp
摘要：In this paper we study welfare-optimal two-part tariffs in a model of discrete choice. The determinants of the sign and magnitude of the fixed and variable tax are analysed in terms of the nature and degree of consumer heterogeneity, the price sensitivities of participation probabilities and conditional demands, and the nature of distributional concerns. In the absence of distributional concerns, the model generalises the 'corrected' Ramsey rule for the variable tax and it shows that, in the a...
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作者：Teng, J
作者单位：Academia Sinica - Taiwan
摘要：Taxation and state enforcement of property rights share many common resources. Both are involved in determining the revenue of the state. Due to these interactions, taxation and property rights enforcement of a proprietary state are complementary. Any change in the administrative capacity of the state that increases the taxation rate also increases the level of property rights enforcement, and vice versa. The capacity and incentive of the proprietary state to tax are also essentially the capac...
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作者：Cahuc, P; Lehmann, E
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Institut Universitaire de France
摘要：In this paper, we investigate whether unemployment benefits should decrease with the unemployment spell in a model where both job search intensity and wages are endogenous. Wages are set by collective agreements bargained by insiders. It is shown that a more declining time sequence of unemployment benefits leads to wage increases when the tax rate is given. Such an effect may imply an increase in unemployment and counteracts the response of job search intensity that can be found in standard jo...
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作者：Alesina, A; Rosenthal, H
作者单位：Princeton University; Harvard University
摘要：In standard spatial models of elections, parties with policy preferences take divergent positions. Their platform positions are less separated than are the parties' ideal policies. if policy is the result of an executive-legislative compromise, the policy preferences of the parties can be moderated by voter behavior. Divided government may result. Since parties anticipate the moderated outcomes, they have an added incentive to choose separated platforms. Consequently, divergence in platforms i...
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作者：Goolsbee, A; Maydew, EL
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：This paper investigates the economic impact of the apportionment formulae used to divide corporate income taxes among the states. Most apportionment formulae, by including payroll, turn the state corporate income tax at least partially into a payroll tax. Using panel data from 1978-1994, the results show that this distortion has an important effect on state-level employment. For the average state, reducing the payroll weight from one-third to one-quarter increases manufacturing employment arou...
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作者：Rauch, JE; Evans, PB
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We argue that several easily identifiable structural features constitute the key ingredients of effective state bureaucracies and should help to predict ratings of bureaucratic performance: competitive salaries, internal promotion and career stability, and meritocratic recruitment. We collect a new dataset on these features for bureaucracies of 35 less developed countries. Controlling for country income, level of education, and ethnolinguistic diversity, we find that our measure of meritocrati...
