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作者：Zenou, Y
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech; Le Mans Universite
摘要：We study the role of unemployment in the context of the endogeneous formation of a monocentric city in which firms set efficiency wages to deter shirking. We first show that, in equilibrium, the employed locate at the vicinity of the city-center, the unemployed reside at the city-edge and firms set up in the city-center. We then show that there is a 'spatial mismatch' between location and jobs because the further away from jobs the unemployed, the larger the level of unemployment, Finally, we ...
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作者：Ravallion, M; Lokshin, M
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Support for governmental redistribution tended to be greater for the poor than the rich in a representative sample of Russian adults in 1996. However, support for redistribution is higher amongst those who expect their welfare to fall, and this effect is strongest amongst the currently well-off. A rising trajectory inhibits demand for redistribution. Support is also stronger in rural areas, amongst those with less schooling, those who fear losing their job, the elderly, and amongst women. Our ...
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作者：Currie, J; Yelowitz, A
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：One goal of federal housing policy is to improve the prospects of children in poor families. This paper examines the effect of public housing participation on housing quality and educational attainment. Using the SIPP, we show that living in projects is associated with more negative outcomes for children, although this appears to be due to unobserved heterogeneity. We control for the endogeneity of project participation using TSIV techniques which combine information on project participation f...
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作者：Davies, JB; Zeng, JL; Zhang, J
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); National University of Singapore; Victoria University Wellington
摘要：This paper considers optimal taxation in an endogenous growth model where private education investments are imperfectly observable. Consumption taxation is better than labor income taxation for public provision of goods unless educational investment is completely unobservable. If subsidies are feasible for observed education investment, the consumption tax rate is independent of the degree of observability but the subsidy rate is higher the lower is the observability. If subsidies are not feas...
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作者：Bertero, E; Rondi, L
作者单位：Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper studies the effect of the hardening of the budget constraint on the behaviour of public enterprises. Drawing from finance theory, we provide empirical evidence of a change in behaviour of pubic enterprises between soft and hard budget constraint regimes by investigating the financial discipline enforced by debt across the two regimes. Using a panel of Italian state-owned manufacturing firms, we undertake a natural experiment exploiting a shift of budget regimes in the late 1980s. Co...
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作者：Ueng, KLG; Yang, CC
作者单位：Academia Sinica - Taiwan; National Taiwan University
摘要：This paper proposes a tax scheme in the vein of the implementation literature under complete information. The tax scheme virtually obviates the need for tax administration. Besides little tax administration, three desirable properties characterize our proposed tax scheme. First, complementing the regular tax system with our scheme can be Pareto-improving. Second, our scheme eliminates the so-called excess burden of tax evasion as defined by Yitzhaki [Yitzhaki, S., 1987. On the excess burden of...
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作者：Velasco, A
作者单位：New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper develops a political-economic model of fiscal policy - one in which government resources are a 'common property' out of which interest groups can finance expenditures on their preferred items. This setup has striking macroeconomic implications. Transfers are higher than a benevolent planner would choose them to be; fiscal deficits emerge even when there are no reasons for intertemporal smoothing, and in the long run government debt tends to be excessively high; peculiar time profile...
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作者：Knight, BG
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：This paper measures the effect of state-level supermajority requirements for tax increases on tax rates. Unobserved attitudes towards taxation tend to influence both the adoption of supermajority requirements and tax policy. Consequently, one cannot distinguish between the effect of these requirements and their correlation with these unobserved attitudes. A model is presented in which legislatures controlled by a pro-tax party adopt a supermajority requirement to reduce the majority party agen...
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作者：Leblanc, W; Snyder, JM; Tripathi, M
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); California Institute of Technology; Boston Consulting Group (BCG)
摘要：Despite evidence that modern democracies systematically shortchange public investment goods, relatively little theoretical work exists to explain this phenomenon. We build on Baron and Ferejohn's (American Political Science Review, 83(4) (1989) 1181-1206) bargaining model to describe public investments in a setting of budgetary politics. Specifically, we show that underinvestment inherently arises from distributive politics within a majoritarian institution. The inability of current majorities...
