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作者：Brandts, J; Schram, A
作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institut d'Analisi Economica (IAE); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We introduce a new design for experiments with the voluntary contributions mechanism for public goods. Subjects report a complete contribution function in each period, i.e. a contribution level for various marginal rates of transformation between a public and a private good. The results show that subjects' behavior cannot be explained exclusively as the result of errors. Individuals exhibit essentially one of two types of behavior. One group of subjects behaves in a way consistent with some ki...
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作者：Croxson, B; Propper, C; Perkins, A
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of Bristol; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：The 1991 reforms to the UK NHS created a group of buyers of hospital care from amongst primary care physicians. The implementation of the reforms was such that these buyers had incentives to increase their use of hospital services prior to entering the scheme in order to inflate their budgets. It has been argued that non-financial motives would limit such behaviour. The paper shows that these health care providers did respond to the financial incentives offered by the scheme, increasing hospit...
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作者：Anderson, SP; de Palma, A; Kreider, B
作者单位：University of Virginia; CY Cergy Paris Universite
摘要：This paper considers the relative efficiency of ad valorem and unit taxes in imperfectly competitive markets. We provide a simple proof that ad valorem taxes are welfare-superior to unit taxes in the short run when production costs are identical across firms. The proof covers differentiated products and a wide range of market conduct. Cost asymmetries strengthen the case for ad valorem taxation under Cournot competition, but unit taxation may be welfare-superior under Bertrand competition with...
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作者：Blackorby, C; Bossert, W; Donaldson, D
作者单位：University of British Columbia; Universite de Montreal
摘要：This note provides a corrected version of a representation theorem in population ethics. While it is true that the fixed-population axioms continuity and weak Pareto are sufficient for the existence of an ordering of population-size - representative-utility pairs that can be used to rank social alternatives, we show that, in order to obtain the existence of a real-valued representation, continuity must be strengthened. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Anderson, SP; de Palma, A; Kreider, B
作者单位：University of Virginia; CY Cergy Paris Universite
摘要：We analyze the incidence of ad valorem and unit excise taxes in an oligopolistic industry with differentiated products and price-setting (Bertrand) firms. Both taxes may be passed on to consumers by more than 100 percent, and an increase in the tax rate can increase short run firm profits (and hence the long run number of firms). We provide summary conditions for these effects to arise. The conditions depend on demand curvatures and are written in elasticity form. Surprisingly, the analysis la...
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作者：Rubio, SJ; Escriche, L
作者单位：University of Valencia
摘要：This paper uses Wirl's [Wirl, F., 1995. The exploitation of fossil fuel under the threat of global warming and carbon taxes: A dynamic game approach. Environmental and Resource Economics, 5, 333-352.] model designed to analyze the long-term bilateral interdependence between a resource-exporting cartel and a coalition of resource-importing country governments for investigating under what conditions a carbon tax would make it possible for the coalition to appropriate part of the cartel's profits...
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作者：Brueckner, JK
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：This paper offers an analysis of tax increment financing (TIF), adding to a small theoretical literature on this important fiscal instrument. The analysis exploits the theoretical connection between property values and public-good levels, which is the subject of a large literature in local public finance. Using this approach, the paper shows that localized public improvements are likely to be opposed by property owners outside the affected area, who pay higher property taxes with no offsetting...
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作者：Baicker, K
作者单位：Dartmouth College
摘要：This paper analyzes the effects of federally-mandated program changes on state spending and revenues, incorporating and evaluating the predictive value of several common theories of the state decision-making process. Using several sources of exogenous increases in public medical spending, I estimate that the entire state portion of the burden of mandated spending is borne by decreases in other public welfare spending. While federal mandates may influence the composition of benefits at the stat...
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作者：Ball, S; Feltenstein, A
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; International Monetary Fund
摘要：This work employs a dynamic general equilibrium model to evaluate the causes and implications of bank insolvencies. We apply the model to stylized data from Bangladesh, a country whose banking system is currently suffering from large stocks of non-performing assets. The model is used to derive positive conclusions about alternative policy instruments designed to alleviate the impact of these insolvencies. A benchmark case is simulated using historical exogenous parameters. We then generate a b...
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作者：Lockwood, B
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Warwick
摘要：This paper proposes a general framework for analysing commodity tax competition under destination and origin principles, based on three possible tax spillovers, the consumer price spillover, the producer price/terms of trade spillover, and rent spillovers. A model is presented which can be extended to accommodate all three spillovers. Using this model, many of the results in the existing Literature can be derived, compared, and extended. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BN. All rights reserved.
