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作者：Chamley, C
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：The theorem of zero taxation of capital income is reexamined and is shown to hinge critically on the assumptions of a long horizon and perfect markets for the inter-temporal allocation of resources. The theorem does not hold when borrowing constraints prevent individuals from insuring against idiosyncratic shocks and have a precautionary motive for savings. Structural assumptions are made such that with no taxation, aggregate savings are socially 'excessive' in the long-run, i.e. the rate of r...
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作者：Laitner, J; Ohlsson, H
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper reviews four well-known theoretical models of private bequest behavior, notes their differing implications for public policy, and discusses a way of empirically discriminating among them. Then it implements the test with micro data from Sweden (LLS) and the U.S. (PSID). The so-called altruistic (or dynastic) model, which, among the four models, has perhaps the most wide-ranging implications for policy, receives some support. The sign pattern is as the model predicts, while the magni...
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作者：Pestieau, P; Poterba, J
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作者：Gustman, AL; Steinmeier, TL
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Texas Tech University System; Texas Tech University
摘要：This paper uses earnings histories from the Social Security Administration, linked to the survey responses for participants in the Health and Retirement Study, to investigate redistribution under the current social security benefit formula. As advertised, own benefits are significantly redistributed from individuals with high to those with low lifetime earnings. However, redistribution is roughly halved when spouse and survivor benefits are taken into account and redistribution is measured amo...
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作者：McGarry, K
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：For altruistic parents desiring to bequeath their wealth to their children, estate taxes can be costly in utility terms. The most straightforward way to reduce the tax burden is through inter vivos transfers. Taking full advantage of potential tax-free giving often requires that parents differentiate between children in the amounts transferred. This unequal giving contrasts sharply with the presumed desire to make equal bequests. This paper examines the extent to which wealthy parents take adv...
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作者：Poterba, J
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper describes the current estate and gift tax rules that apply to intergenerational transfers in the US. It summarizes the incentives for inter vivos giving, gifts from a donor to a recipient while the donor is alive, as a strategy for reducing estate tax liability. It shows that the current level of intergenerational transfers is much lower than the level that would be implied by simple models of dynastic utility maximization. Moreover, even among elderly households with net worth in e...
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作者：Ueng, KLG; Yang, CC
作者单位：Academia Sinica - Taiwan; National Chi Nan University
摘要：Chu [Journal of Public Economics, 41 (1990) 319-333] proposes a tax scheme called FATOTA, under which taxpayers are given the choice between paying a fixed amount of taxes and thus being exempted from tax audit, or paying only what taxpayers claim they owe and being subject to tax audits for possible evasion. In this paper we extend Chu's finding with regard to the Pareto-improving property of FATOTA to a more general setting, including nonlinear tax/penalty schedules, complicated audit rules,...
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作者：Arrondel, L; Laferrère, A
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：This paper studies inter-vivos transfers and bequests in France and their relation to the French inheritance law and taxation using administrative records and a national households survey. Transmission behavior is highly responsive to changes in the fiscal system: inter-vivos gifts increased after a 1992 law made them partly tax-free. Moreover, the probability of giving to children is greater (ceteris paribus) if parents' wealth is taxable. For children, the probability of receiving a gift ove...
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作者：Kopczuk, W
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：The optimal income taxation framework is extended to account for heterogeneity in avoidance behavior. The optimal tax formulae are shown to be simply and intuitively modified to reflect the value of taxable income as an indicator of the need for transfers at a given skill level. This effect is in addition to any effect implied by just considering additional margins of response to taxes. Alternative sources of heterogeneity and their likely consequences are discussed. When the choice of adminis...
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作者：Browning, M; Crossley, TF
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; York University - Canada; Australian National University
摘要：We use a Canadian survey of the unemployed to examine how household expenditures after a job loss respond to the level of income replacement provided by UI. We isolate a liquidity constraint or 'transitory income' effect from the 'permanent income' shock of job loss, and from the costs of working. We find significant effects of varying the replacement ratio among the third of the sample who did not have assets at the job loss. We conclude that the consumption smoothing benefit of UI is concent...
