-
作者：Bös, D; De Fraja, G
作者单位：University of York - UK; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper studies the effects of non-contractibility of investment on the choices made by a health authority and a hospital which supplies a specific service. Non-contractibility determines inefficiencies: compared with any Pareto efficient outcome, the quality of the service chosen by the hospital is too low, and the health authority relies too much on outside providers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science BV All rights reserved.
-
作者：Glazer, J; McGuire, TG
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Risk adjustment refers to the practice of paying health plans a premium per person (or per family) based on a formula using risk adjusters, such as age or gender, and weights on those adjusters. One role of risk adjustment is to make sure plans have an incentive to accept all potential enrollees. Another role, at least as important in our view, is to lead health plans to choose the efficient level of quality of care for the various services they offer. Most of the research and policy literatur...
-
作者：Perotti, R; Kontopoulos, Y
作者单位：European University Institute; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper explores on a panel of 19 OECD countries the role of fragmentation indetermining fiscal outcomes over the 1970-95 period. We first define the notion of fragmentation of fiscal policy-making as the degree to which the costs of a dollar of aggregate expenditure are internalized by individual decision-makers. Empirically, this notion has two key logical components: the number decision-makers and the rules of the game, or the budget process. In turn, the number of decision makers can re...
-
作者：Laussel, D
作者单位：Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：We analyze the political equilibria of a model of representative democracy with strategic delegation where the policy which maximizes ex-ante the welfare of a citizen is not in general the one he would select ex-post if he were elected. We show that these effects give rise to an 'abstention effect' which is likely to lead to the unopposed election of extremist representatives and prevents policy convergence in two-candidate elections. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
-
作者：Goeree, JK; Holt, CA; Laury, SK
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; University of Virginia
摘要：An increase in the common marginal value of a public good has two effects: it increases the benefit of a contribution to others, and it reduces the net cost of making a contribution. These two effects can be decomposed by letting a contribution have an 'internal' return for oneself that differs from the 'external' return to someone else. We use this framework in a series of one-shot public goods games in which subjects make choices in ten treatments with no feedback. Contributions are generall...
-
作者：Razin, A; Sadka, E; Swagel, P
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：The extent of taxation and redistribution policy is generally determined as a political-economy equilibrium by a balance between those who gain from higher taxes/transfers and those who lose. The standard theory of the size of government in a representative democracy links the tax burden to measures of the pre-tax income inequality. We develop in this paper a theory which encompasses the existing literature, and provides a complementary channel linking the tax burden in the presence of migrati...
-
作者：Cutler, DM; Knaul, F; Lozano, R; Méndez, O; Zurita, B
作者单位：Harvard University; World Health Organization
摘要：We study the impact of economic crisis on health in Mexico. There have been four wide-scale economic crises in Mexico in the past two decades, the most recent in 1995-96. We find that mortality rates for the very young and the elderly increase or decline less rapidly in crisis years as compared with non-crisis years. In the 1995-96 crisis, mortality rates were about 5 to 7 percent higher in the crisis years compared to the years just prior to the crisis. This translates into a 0.4 percent incr...
-
作者：Owens, RE; Sarte, PD
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Richmond
摘要：When firms can set prices, moving costs imply excess inertia in firm migration relative to the social optimum. Therefore, the idea that inducing firm relocation cannot increase welfare can be misleading. In particular, firm migration encouraged by location subsidies does not amount to a 'zero sum' across regions. However, targeting moving costs alone is not efficient, and regional planners are unlikely to produce a first best allocation. Finally, we show that relocation subsidies may give rise...
-
作者：La Ferrara, E
作者单位：Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：This paper investigates the determinants of group membership, and in particular the effect of income inequality on individual incentives to join economic groups. Drawing on a simple model, we show that an increase in inequality has an ambiguous effect and that the type of access rule (open versus restricted access) is key in determining what income categories are represented in the group. Furthermore, the shape of the income distribution can be crucial to determine whether increased inequality...
-
作者：Alesina, A; La Ferrara, E
作者单位：Harvard University; Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：Both individual experiences and community characteristics influence how much people trust each other. Using individual level data drawn from US localities we find that the strongest factors associated with low trust are: (i) a recent history of traumatic experiences; (ii) belonging to a group that historically felt discriminated against, such as minorities (blacks in particular) and, to a lesser extent, women; (iii) being economically unsuccessful in terms of income and education; (iv) living ...
