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作者：Diamond, P; Köszegi, B
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Some people have self-control problems regularly. This paper adds endogenous retirement to Laibson's quasi-hyperbolic discounting savings model [Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 (1997) 443-477]. Earlier selves think that the deciding self tends to retire too early and may save less to induce later retirement. Still earlier selves may think the pre-retirement self does this too much, saving more to induce early retirement. The consumption pattern may be different from that with exponential di...
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作者：Lane, PR; Perotti, R
作者单位：Trinity College Dublin; European University Institute
摘要：We study the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policies in an open economy. We emphasize two transmission mechanisms: the cost channel, by which wage government spending and labor taxes raise the real wage firms must pay, and the exchange rate channel, by which the nominal exchange rate shifts induced by fiscal policy have real effects if (some) prices and wages are sticky. The latter channel implies that changes in wage government spending or in labor taxation should have different effects unde...
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作者：Chen, Y
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper reports the first experimental study of the serial and the average cost pricing mechanisms under five different treatments: a complete information treatment and four treatments designed to simulate distributed systems with extremely limited information, synchronous and asynchronous moves. Although the proportion of Nash equilibrium play under both mechanisms is statistically indistinguishable under complete information, the serial mechanism performs robustly better than the average ...
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作者：Black, DA; McKinnish, TG; Sanders, SG
作者单位：Syracuse University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：We study shocks to the coal and steel industries to measure the effect of long-term changes in demand for low-skilled workers on welfare expenditures. The coal and steel industries have historically paid high wages to low-skilled men. We find a substantial increase in welfare expenditures in response to the collapse of the steel and coal industries in the 1980s, and an even more substantial reduction in welfare expenditures during the coal boom of the 1970s. Additional analysis indicates the r...
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作者：Mueller, DC; Stratmann, T
作者单位：George Mason University; University of Vienna
摘要：Considerable concern has been expressed in recent years about declines in voter participation rates in the United States and in several other major democratic countries. Some feel low participation rates introduce a 'class bias' into the political process and thereby worsen the outcomes from it. Little empirical work exists, however, that measures the effects of lower participation on the welfare of a country. This paper begins to fill this void. It presents cross-national evidence that high l...
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作者：Finus, M; Tjotta, S
作者单位：Fern University Hagen; University of Bergen
摘要：The increasing number of international environmental agreements (IEAs), and the fact that under some agreements emissions have been reduced beyond agreed targets, are frequently viewed as success stories of international cooperation. We argue that success can only be measured if abatement targets under an IEA are compared with estimated abatement levels in the absence of a treaty, and are evaluated in terms of costs and benefits. We analyze the Oslo Protocol on sulfur reduction, showing that t...
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作者：Brunner, E; Sonstelie, J
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; California State University System; San Diego State University
摘要：California has transferred the financing of its public schools from localities to the state. In response, many families have supplemented the tax revenue of their local public schools with voluntary contributions. This paper analyzes that phenomenon. We propose a model of partial cooperation among parents in making voluntary contributions to their public schools. Under reasonable conditions, the model predicts that contributions per pupil should decline with school size. We estimate this relat...
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作者：Clausing, KA
作者单位：Reed College - Portland
摘要：This paper analyzes monthly data on US international trade prices between 1997 and 1999 in order to investigate the impact of tax influences on intrafirm trade prices. Results indicate that there is substantial evidence of tax-motivated transfer pricing in US intrafirm trade prices. There is a strong and statistically significant relationship between countries' tax rates and the prices of intrafirm transactions. Controlling for other variables that affect trade prices, as country tax rates are...
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作者：Cremer, H; Laffont, JJ
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse
摘要：We examine the optimal allocation of excludable public goods with a private access cost that some consumers may not be able to afford. The full-information benchmark is presented first. Then, individuals' access costs and income levels are private information. When high income consumers have low access cost, asymmetric information increases the cost of subsidizing the poor for accessing the public good, and inequality increases. When the low access cost consumers have the lower income, subsidi...
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作者：Bartelsman, EJ; Beetsma, RMWJ
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：This paper presents suggestive evidence of income shifting in response to differences in corporate tax rates for a large selection of OECD countries. We use a new method to disentangle the income shifting effects from the effects of tax rates on real activity. Our baseline estimates suggest that a substantial share of the revenues from a unilateral increase in the corporate tax rate is lost because of a decline in reported income. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
