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作者：Fang, HM; Silverman, D
作者单位：Yale University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Supporters of recent welfare reforms argue that time limits and other eligibility restrictions serve recipients. We present a simple model of agents with present-biased preferences to investigate the theoretical validity of this claim. We first identify four types of outcome that describe the behavior of a present-biased agent in the absence of time limits. We then show that the behavioral consequences of time limits are contingent on which outcome characterizes the agent's behavior in the abs...
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作者：Kubik, JD
作者单位：Syracuse University
摘要：This paper studies the short-run incidence of personal income taxation in the US by examining how the wage structure shifted after the Tax Reform Act of 1986. I calculate the marginal tax rate for the median worker of each occupation during the 1980s to determine the professions whose workers were most affected by the tax change. When controlling for trends over time in the wage structure by occupation, I find that individuals in occupations that experienced large decreases in their median mar...
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作者：Rege, M; Telle, K
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; Statistics Norway
摘要：Several economists have maintained that social and internalized norms can enforce cooperation in public good situations. This experimental study investigates how two important channels for social and internalized norms, social approval and framing, affect cooperation among strangers in a public good game. The experiment has two treatment effects. Firstly, it reveals each person's identity and his contribution to the public good. Secondly, it presents the public good game in a language that sug...
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作者：Green, DA; Warburton, WP
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：We derive Local Average Treatment Effect estimates of the impact of welfare benefit denial on future receipt using a unique experiment involving reassessment of some applicants who were originally slated to receive benefits. We find evidence of considerable heterogeneity among applicants. Our results support a model with a peripheral group who exhibit scarring effects from being granted benefits and a core group who do not. The core group moves quickly back onto welfare when they are denied be...
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作者：Gruber, J; Lettau, M
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); United States Department of Labor
摘要：We investigate the impact of tax subsidies on the firm's decision to offer insurance, and on conditional firm spending on insurance. We do so using the micro-data underlying the Employment Cost Index, which has a major advantage for this exercise: the matching of very high quality compensation data with information on a sample of workers in the firm. We find that, overall, there is a moderately sized elasticity of insurance offering with respect to after-tax prices (-0.25), and a larger elasti...
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作者：Fortin, B; Lacroix, G; Drolet, S
作者单位：Laval University
摘要：This paper uses a major reform of the welfare program implemented in the Province of Quebec (Canada) in 1989 to analyze the impact of benefits on the length of welfare spells. An important feature of this reform was the abolishment of discrimination based on age that applied to benefits. As a result, the monthly benefits of single individuals aged less than 30 increased from $173 to $425 ($1986), an increase of over 145%. To assess the impact of the reform, we estimate a series of semi-paramet...
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作者：Andreoni, J; Petrie, R
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：Laboratory researchers in economics assiduously protect the confidentiality of subjects. Why? Presumably because they fear that the social consequences of identifying subjects and their choices would significantly alter the economic incentives of the game. But these may be the same social effects that institutions, like charitable fund-raising, are manipulating to help overcome free riding and to promote economic efficiency. We present an experiment that unmasks subjects in a systematic and co...
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作者：Meyer, BD; Sullivan, JX
作者单位：Northwestern University; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Notre Dame
摘要：The tax and welfare programs that provide income and in-kind benefits to single mothers have changed dramatically in recent years. These changes began as far back as the mid-1980s and culminated with the 1996 welfare law that 'ended welfare as we knew it.' These tax and welfare changes have sharply increased the employment of single mothers and cut welfare rolls. However, little is know about the effects of these policy changes on the material well-being of single mothers and their children. S...
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作者：Smetters, K; Walliser, J
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; The World Bank
摘要：The liability facing a pay-as-you-go social security system can be calculated in several ways. Many conversions, including that which took place in Chile, and in many plans to convert the U.S. system, assume the largest measure, known as the 'shutdown liability.' This measure pays many workers who have contributed to the public system more money than the public system is actually worth to them, thereby placing a larger burden on future generations. But other liability measures are hard to impl...
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作者：Epple, D; Figlio, D; Romano, R
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：When there are peer effects in education, private schools have an incentive to vary tuition to attract relatively able students. Epple and Romano [American Economic Review 88(1) (1998) 33] develop a general equilibrium model characterizing equilibrium pricing and student selection into schools when peer effects are present. The model predicts that competition will lead private schools to give tuition discounts to more able students, and that this will give rise to an equilibrium exhibiting str...
