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作者：Sinn, HW
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：A PAYGO system may serve as insurance against not having children and as an enforcement device for ungrateful children who are unwilling to pay their parents a pension. In fact, the latter was Bismarck's historic motive for introducing this system. It is true that the PAYGO system reduces the investment in human capital, but if it is run on a sufficiently small scale, it may nevertheless bring about a welfare improvement. If, on the other hand, the scale of the system is so large that parents ...
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作者：Vlachos, J
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：The regional voting pattern of the Swedish European Union (EU)-membership referendum is analyzed to determine voters' preferences over two fiscal regimes: an autonomous Sweden, or Sweden as part of the EU. A major difference between these regimes is that autonomy gives greater national discretion to handle risk-sharing and redistribution between regions. I find that inhabitants of rich and stable regions, with high levels of schooling, small receipts of central government transfers, and trade ...
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作者：Propper, C; Burgess, S; Green, K
作者单位：University of Bristol
摘要：Payer-driven competition has been widely advocated as a means of increasing efficiency in health care markets. The 1990s reforms to the UK health service followed this path. We examine whether competition led to better outcomes for patients, as measured by death rates after treatment following heart attacks. Using data that until 1999 were not publicly available in any form on hospital level death rates, we find that the relationship between competition and quality of care appears to be negati...
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作者：Borjas, GJ
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This paper examines if welfare programs reduce the probability that vulnerable households experience food deprivation because of financial constraints. Although the 1996 welfare reform legislation specifically limited the eligibility of immigrant households to receive assistance, many states chose to protect their immigrant populations by offering state-funded aid to these groups. I exploit these changes in eligibility rules to examine the link between food insecurity and public assistance. Th...
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作者：De Donder, P; Hindriks, J
作者单位：Universite Catholique Louvain; Universite de Toulouse; Universite de Toulouse; University of London; Queen Mary University London
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作者：Tyran, JR
作者单位：University of St Gallen
摘要：Moral considerations may matter much in voting because the costs of expressing support for a morally worthy cause may be low in a referendum. These costs depend on whether a voter expects to affect the outcome of the referendum. To test the low-cost theory of expressive voting, we experimentally investigate a proposal to tax everyone and to donate tax revenues. The analysis of expectations and voting decisions shows that the low-cost theory fails to explain voting decisions. Instead, we find t...
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作者：Chan, S; Stevens, AH
作者单位：New York University; Yale University
摘要：This paper investigates the responsiveness of individuals' retirement decisions to forward-looking measures of pension accumulations. In contrast to previous research, we use within-person variation in retirement incentives and are able to control for unobserved heterogeneity in tastes for retirement by studying a panel of subjective retirement expectations. We confirm that individuals do respond as expected to pension incentives, even when we control for individual fixed effects. However, the...
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作者：Sinai, T; Gyourko, J
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We provide new evidence on the asset price incidence of corporate-level investment subsidies by examining the relative stock price performance of publicly traded companies in the real estate industry that should have been differentially affected by the capital gains tax rate reduction enacted in the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997. By comparing real estate firms that have an organizational structure that allows entities who sell property to it to defer capital gains taxes and that plan to use the ...
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作者：O'Keefe, S
作者单位：California State University System; California State University Sacramento
摘要：This paper examines factors that influence migration of AFDC recipients within California. A county level conditional logit model is used to analyze the impact of cost adjusted benefits on intrastate moves during recipients' first year of welfare participation. Costs of living, particularly housing costs, differ considerably across counties of California, yet the welfare benefit is set at the state level. This creates the potential for variation in the purchasing power of the welfare benefit i...
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作者：Blanchflower, DG; Oswald, AJ
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Warwick
摘要：This paper studies happiness in the United States and Great Britain. Reported levels of wellbeing have declined over the last quarter of a century in the US; life satisfaction has run approximately flat through time in Britain. These findings are consistent with the Easterlin hypothesis [Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honour of Moses Abramowitz (1974) Academic Press; J. Econ. Behav. Org., 27 (1995) 35]. The happiness of American blacks, however, has risen. White women in ...
