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作者：Lee, Y; Gordon, RH
作者单位：Hanyang University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Past theoretical work predicts that higher corporate tax rates should decrease economic growth rates, while the effects of high personal tax rates are less clear. In this paper, we explore how tax policies in fact affect a country's growth rate, using cross-country data during 1970-1997. We find that statutory corporate tax rates are significantly negatively correlated with cross-sectional differences in average economic growth rates, controlling for various other determinants of economic grow...
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作者：Schroyen, F
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：Besley [J. Public Econ. 35 (1988) 371] uses a scaling approach to model merit good arguments in commodity tax policy. In this paper, I question this approach on the grounds that it produces 'wrong' recommendations-taxation (subsidisation) of merit (demerit) goods-whenever the demand for the (de)merit good is inelastic. I propose an alternative approach that does not suffer from this deficiency and that allows for a straightforward interpretation. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Alders, P; Broer, DP
作者单位：CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
摘要：This paper analyses the interaction between human capital accumulation, fertility, and labour participation of families in the presence of technology shocks. Altruistic families spend time on the education of their children to increase their level of human capital. Compensating transfers through negative bequests are blocked by an active bequest constraint. Productivity shocks increase the opportunity costs of children and may cause a drop in fertility, which results in population ageing. We i...
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作者：Harvey, J
作者单位：University of York - UK
摘要：In a recent paper in this journal, Lambert et al. [J. Public Econ. 87 (2003) 1061] sought to establish the natural rate of subjective inequality (NRSI) hypothesis. Their statistical analysis, however, may have simply identified a relationship between the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index, rather than confirm the existence of a NRSI. In this note, an approximate relationship between the Gini coefficient and Atkinson index is identified using simulation analysis. This finding does not appe...
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作者：Gradstein, M; Justman, M
作者单位：Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：In the United States, parents are offered free public education in the mainstream culture but must pay the full cost of tuition if they educate their children privately. This creates strong economic incentives for remaining within the public system, which promotes the assimilation of minorities. A Pareto improvement can be achieved by subsidizing private education in exchange for modifying its social content so as to reduce polarization. Popular opposition to voucher programs that facilitate s...
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作者：Goux, D; Maurin, E
摘要：This paper provides estimates of the causal effect of living in an overcrowded home on performance at school in France. Our identification strategy relies on the fact that the size and housing conditions of families vary with the sex composition of the siblings. In particular, large families in which the two youngest children are (by descending age) a boy and a girl tend to live less often in overcrowded housing than the other families. French parents seem to be more reluctant about bringing u...
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作者：Koulovatianos, C; Schröder, C; Schmidt, U
作者单位：University of Vienna; University of Kiel; Leibniz University Hannover
摘要：Household consumption exhibits economies of scale as the number of household members increases. We collect survey data from two countries, Germany and France, in order to obtain direct subjective estimates of household consumption economies of scale, and, in particular, to examine an additional dimension: whether household consumption economies of scale change as living standards go up. Our data from both countries indicate strongly that household economies of scale increase as the living stan...
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作者：Conde-Ruiz, JI; Galasso, V
作者单位：Bocconi University
摘要：This paper argues that social security enjoys wider political support than other welfare programs because: (i) retirees constitute the most homogeneous voting group, and (ii) the intragenerational redistribution component of social security induces low-income young to support this system. In a dynamically efficient overlapping generation economy with earnings heterogeneity, we show that, for sufficient income inequality and enough elderly in the population, a welfare system composed of a withi...
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作者：Jacob, BA
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The recent federal education bill, No Child Left Behind, requires states to test students in grades 3 to 8 each year and to judge school performance on the basis of these test scores. While intended to maximize student learning, there is little empirical evidence about the effectiveness of such policies. This study examines the impact of an accountability policy implemented in the Chicago Public Schools in 1996-1997. Using a panel of student-level, administrative data, I find that math and rea...
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作者：McMillan, R
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：When competition increases, it is often presumed that public schools will be forced to become more efficient. This paper challenges that presumption, showing that in well-defined circumstances, rent-seeking public schools find it optimal to reduce productivity when a voucher is introduced. This occurs for incentive reasons alone. More generally, the productivity effects of vouchers are shown to be non-uniform, varying systematically according to household and community characteristics and the ...
