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作者：Cullen, JB; Jacob, BA; Levitt, SD
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Harvard University; University of Chicago
摘要：We explore the impact of school choice on student outcomes in the context of open enrollment within the Chicago Public Schools (CPS). Roughly half of the students opt out of their assigned high school to attend a different CPS school, and these students are much more likely than those who remain in their assigned schools to graduate. To determine the source of this apparent benefit, we compare outcomes across (i) similar students with differential access to schooling options and (ii) travelers...
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作者：Liu, WF; Turnovsky, SJ
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：We analyze the effects of consumption and production externalities on capital accumulation. We show that the importance of consumption externalities depends upon the elasticity of labor supply. If the labor supply is inelastic, consumption externalities cause no long-run distortions. Whether there are distortions along the transitional path depends upon consumer preferences. The effects of production externalities are more pervasive; they exert long-run distortionary effects irrespective of la...
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作者：Papke, LE
作者单位：Michigan State University
摘要：This study uses data on standardized test scores from 1992 through 1998 at Michigan schools to determine the effects of spending on student performance. The years in the data set straddle 1994, when Michigan dramatically changed the way that K-12 schools are funded, and moved toward equalization of spending across schools. Focusing on pass rates for a fourth-grade math tests (the most complete and consistent data available for Michigan), I find that increases in spending have nontrivial, stati...
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作者：Peñalosa, CG; Turnovsky, SJ
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：As commercial integration reduces the reliance on foreign trade taxation, raising tax revenue has become a major concern for the governments of developing economies. This paper examines how the tax burden in a developing economy should be distributed between capital income and labor income. We study a two-sector model, where the traditional sector is informal and consequently cannot be taxed by the government. In this setup, we find that the optimal (second-best) tax structure in order to rais...
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作者：Alesina, A; La Ferrara, E
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：This paper explores how individual preferences for redistribution depend on future income prospects. In addition to estimating the impact of individuals' socioeconomic background and of their subjective perceptions of future mobility, we employ panel data to construct 'objective' measures of expected gains and losses from redistribution for different categories of individuals. We find that such measures have considerable explanatory power and perform better than 'general mobility' indexes. We ...
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作者：Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam
摘要：This paper presents an empirical analysis of the importance of 'comparison income' for individual well-being or happiness. In other words, the influence of the income of a reference group on individual well-being is examined. The main novelty is that various hypotheses are tested: the importance of the own income, the relevance of the income of the reference group and of the distance between the own income and the income of the reference group, and most importantly the asymmetry of comparisons...
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作者：Hendel, I; Shapiro, J; Willen, P
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Boston
摘要：Affordable higher education is, and has been, a key element of social policy in the United States with broad bipartisan support. Financial aid has substantially increased the number of people who complete university-generally thought to be a good thing. We show, however, that making education more affordable can increase income inequality. The mechanism that drives our results is a combination of credit constraints and the 'signaling' role of education first explored by Spence [Spence, A. Mich...
