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作者：Lockwood, B; Makris, M
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Warwick; University of Exeter; University of Bristol; Athens University of Economics & Business
摘要：We re-examine, from a political economy perspective, the standard view that higher capital mobility results in lower capital taxes - a view, in fact, that is not confirmed by the available empirical evidence. We show that when a small economy is opened to capital mobility, the change of incidence of a tax on capital-from capital owners to owners of the immobile factor-may interact in such a way with political decision-making so as to cause a rise in the equilibrium tax. This can happen whether...
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作者：Belan, Pascal; Gauthier, Stephane
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Nantes Universite; Universite de Caen Normandie
摘要：This paper analyzes the optimal structure of indirect taxation when the number of available tax rates is smaller than the number of taxable commodities. Such a constraint requires to choose the levels of tax rates and the groups of commodities that will be taxed at equal rates (or exempted). In a partial equilibrium framework, with a single agent and a low amount of tax collection, it is shown that the process of allocation of commodities to groups depends on both price elasticities and consum...
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作者：Gahvari, F
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：This paper argues that, in models with heterogeneous agents, the concept of the marginal cost of public funds (MCPF) will only be useful if it is compared with an analogous concept for the benefit side. The MCPF does not assume a unique value and is not particularly illuminating in and out of itself Also gone is the benchmark status of MCPF = 1. Turning to the provision of public goods, using a mechanism design approach, the paper constructs a two-stage proof for Kaplow's [kaplow, L., 1996. Th...
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作者：Azomahou, Theophile; Laisney, Francois; Van, Phu Nguyen
作者单位：Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); CY Cergy Paris Universite
摘要：We examine the empirical relation between CO2 emissions per capita and GDP per capita during the period 1960-1996, using a panel of 100 countries. Relying on the nonparametric poolability test of Baltagi et al. [Baltagi, B.H., Hidalgo, J., Li, Q., 1996. A nonparametric test for poolability using panel data, Journal of Econometrics 75, 345-367], we find evidence of structural stability of the relationship. We then specify a nonparametric panel data model with country-specific effects. Estimatio...
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作者：Blomquist, Soren; Micheletto, Luca
作者单位：Bocconi University; Uppsala University
摘要：Paternalism, merit goods and specific egalitarianism are concepts we sometimes meet in the literature. The thing in common is that the policy maker does not fully respect the consumer sovereignty principle and designs policies according to some other criterion than individuals' preferences. Using the self-selection approach to tax problems developed by Stiglitz [Stiglitz, J.E., 1982. Self-selection and Pareto-efficient taxation. Journal of Public Economics 17, 213-240] and Stem [Stem, N.H., 19...
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作者：Naito, Takumi
作者单位：Institute of Science Tokyo; Tokyo Institute of Technology
摘要：We examine growth, revenue, and welfare effects of tariff and tax reform with a two-good, two-factor endogenous growth model. Learning-by-doing and intersectoral knowledge spillovers contribute to endogenous growth consistent with incomplete specialization. We obtain two main results. First, trade liberalization raises (or lowers) the growth rate if and only if the import sector is more effective-labor-intensive (or capital-intensive). Second, we can attain growth, revenue, and welfare gains b...
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作者：Estache, Antonio; Laffont, Jean-Jacques; Zhang, Xinzhu
作者单位：The World Bank; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
摘要：This paper develops a model to analyze the impacts of asymmetric information on optimal universal service policy in the public utilities of developing countries. Optimal universal service policy is implemented using two regulatory instruments: pricing and network investment. Under discriminatory pricing asymmetric information leads to a higher price and smaller network in the rural area than under full information. Under uniform pricing the price is also lower but the network is even smaller. ...
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作者：Calabrese, Stephen; Epple, Dennis; Romer, Thomas; Sieg, Holger
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University
摘要：Few empirical strategies have been developed that investigate public provision under majority rule while taking explicit account of the constraints implied by mobility of households. The goal of this paper is to improve our understanding of voting in local communities when neighborhood quality depends on peer or neighborhood effects. We develop a new empirical approach which allows us to impose all restrictions that arise from locational equilibrium models with myopic voting simultaneously on ...
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作者：Elton, Edwin J.; Gruber, Martin J.; Blake, Christopher R.
作者单位：New York University; Fordham University
摘要：The choices made by 401 (k) participants are the product of two different decisions: what is offered and what is chosen. While there have been a number of studies of the decisions made by participants in 401 (k) plans, there have been no studies of the adequacy of the full set of choices offered to 401(k) participants. This paper analyzes the adequacy and characteristics of the choices offered to 401(k)-plan participants for over 400 plans. We find that only 53% of the plans offer an adequate ...
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作者：Kaplow, Louis
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：An important result due to Atkinson and Stiglitz (1976) [Atkinson, A.B., Stiglitz, J.E., 1976. The design of tax structure: Direct versus indirect taxation. Journal of Public Economics 6, 55-75.] is that differential commodity taxation is not optimal in the presence of an optimal nonlinear income tax (given weak separability of utility between labor and all consumption goods). This article demonstrates that this conclusion holds regardless of whether the income tax is optimal. In particular, g...
