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作者：Calabrese, Stephen; Epple, Dennis; Romano, Richard
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; National Bureau of Economic Research; Carnegie Mellon University; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida
摘要：Households choose a community in a metropolitan area and collectively set a minimum housing quality and a property tax to finance a local public good. The collective imposition of a lower bound on housing consumption induces an income-stratified equilibrium in a specification where meaningful community differentiation would not arise without zoning. We show computationally that zoning restrictions are likely to be stringent, with a majority facing a binding constraint in communities that permi...
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作者：Schaltegger, Christoph A.; Torgler, Benno
作者单位：University of St Gallen; Yale University
摘要：Government accountability through electoral engagement, involvement and participation in the political debate can affect government performance. Using data for the full sample of Swiss cantons over the 1981-2001 period, this paper provides empirical evidence that government accountability is crucial for fiscal discipline. Specifically, in cantons with high levels of government accountability, the level of indebtedness is significantly lower, indicating that accountability supports fiscal disci...
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作者：Chong, Alberto; Gradstein, Mark
作者单位：Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：This paper presents theory and evidence on the determinants of the size of the informal sector. We propose a simple theoretical model in which it is positively related to income inequality, more so under weak institutions, and is negatively related to the economy's wealth. These predictions are then empirically validated using different proxies of the size of the informal sector, income inequality, and institutional quality. The results are shown to be robust with respect to a variety of econo...
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作者：Asplund, Marcus; Friberg, Richard; Wilander, Fredrik
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Royal Institute of Technology
摘要：An important issue for commodity taxation is the extent to which changes in foreign taxes affect the extent of cross-border shopping and thereby, domestic tax revenue. We use data from Swedish municipalities to estimate how responsive alcohol sales are to foreign prices, and relate the sensitivity to the location's distance to the border. Typical results suggest that the elasticity with respect to the foreign price is around 0.3 in the border region; moving 150 (400) km inland reduces the cros...
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作者：Calvo-Armengol, Antoni; Verdier, Thieny; Zenou, Yves
作者单位：ICREA; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Universite de Toulouse; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono
摘要：This paper analyzes the interplay between social structure and information exchange in two competing activities, crime and labor. We consider a dynamic model in which individuals belong to mutually exclusive two-person groups, referred to as dyads. There are multiple equilibria. If jobs are badly paid and/or crime is profitable, unemployment benefits have to be low enough to prevent workers for staying too long in the unemployment status because they are vulnerable to crime activities. If, ins...
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作者：Knight, Brian
作者单位：Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper tests for the capitalization of policy platforms into equity prices using a sample of 70 firms favored under Bush or Gore platforms during the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election. Two sources of daily data during the six months leading up to the election are incorporated: firm-specific equity returns and the probability of a Bush victory as implied by prices from the Iowa Electronic Market. For this group of politically sensitive firms, the daily baseline estimates demonstrate that plat...
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作者：Evans, William N.; Owens, Emily G.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 established the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program that provided grants to states and localities to pay up to 75% of the cost for new police hires for 3 years. To date, the COPS program has awarded almost $5 billion in hiring grants paying for 64,000 new police officers. We use annual data from 1990 through 2001 from 2074 cities with populations in excess of 10,000 to show that for each officer paid for by grant funds, ...
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作者：Bettinger, Eric; Slonim, Robert
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Recent policy initiatives offer cash payments to children (and often their families) to induce better health and educational choices. These policies implicitly assume that children are especially impatient (i.e., have high discount rates); however, little is known about the nature of children's patience, how it varies across children, and whether children can even make rational inter-temporal choices. This paper examines the inter-temporal choices of 5- to 16-year-old children in an artefactua...
