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作者：Martimort, David; Semenov, Aggey
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; National University of Singapore
摘要：Polarized interest groups compete to influence a decision-maker through monetary contributions. The decision-maker chooses a one-dimensional policy and has private information about his ideal point. Competition between interest groups under asymmetric information yields a rich pattern of equilibrium strategies and payoffs. Policies are systematically biased towards the decision-maker's ideal point and it may sometimes lead to a laissez-faire equilibrium where the decision-maker is freed from a...
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作者：Kroft, Kory
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper examines the optimal provision of unemployment insurance (UI) in a framework that accounts for behavioral responses along both the intensive and extensive margins. Two formulations of takeup are considered: in the first, individuals face a takeup cost that is exogenous; in the second, the cost depends endogenously on the takeup rate. Such endogenous costs to takeup lead to a social multiplier, a reduced-form parameter summarizing the strength of social interactions. This paper deriv...
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作者：Zhang, Jie; Davies, James; Zeng, Jinli; McDonald, Stuart
作者单位：University of Queensland; Western University (University of Western Ontario); National University of Singapore; California Institute of Technology
摘要：In a neoclassical growth model with public consumption, we show the following Pareto optimal tax rules. The government should tax leisure and private consumption at the same rate, and subsidize net investment at the same rate it taxes net capital income. Also, it should tax capital income more heavily than labor income. In an extension for home production, the additional rule is to tax investment for home production at the same rate of the tax on private market consumption. These tax and subsi...
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作者：Coate, Stephen; Conlin, Michael; Moro, Andrea
作者单位：Cornell University; Michigan State University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; Vanderbilt University
摘要：This paper explores the ability of pivotal-voter models to explain voter behavior in small-scale elections using data from Texas liquor referenda. The findings provide little support for the view that pivotal-voter models are a reasonable theory for understanding small-scale elections. Interestingly, this is not because they cannot explain the levels of turnout in the data, but rather because they cannot explain the size of the winning margins. The logic of pivotal-voter models implies that el...
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作者：Snyder, James M., Jr.; Ting, Michael M.
作者单位：Columbia University; Columbia University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We develop a model of interest group influence in the presence of repeated electoral competition. In each period of the game, an interest group attempts to buy an incumbent's policy choice, and a voter chooses whether to replace the incumbent with an unknown challenger. The voter faces a tension between retaining good politician types and rewarding past performance. The model predicts that above average incumbents face little discipline, but others are disciplined increasingly - and re-elected...
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作者：Bethencourt, Carlos; Galasso, Vincenzo
作者单位：Universidad de la Laguna
摘要：All OECD countries target a large majority of their welfare spending to the elderly, through public pensions and health care programs. Spending in both programs has largely increased in the past decades - often more than the share of elderly in the population. We suggest that these phenomena may be due to political complementarities between these two transfer programs. We show that these two programs may coexist, because public health care may increase the political constituency in favor of so...
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作者：Callander, Steven; Wilson, Catherine H.
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：In recent decades psychologists have shown that the standard model of individual choice is often violated. One regularly observed violation is that choices are influenced by the decision context. To incorporate these effects into politics, we introduce a theory of context-dependent voting and apply it to the puzzle of why candidates are so frequently ambiguous in their policy pronouncements. We show that context-dependent voters develop a taste for ambiguity, even when they evaluate distances ...
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作者：Bider, Marianne P.; Gelbach, Jonah B.; Hoynes, Hilary W.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Arizona; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A large literature has been concerned with the impacts of recent welfare reforms on income, earnings, transfers, and labor-force attachment. While one strand of this literature relies on observational studies conducted with large survey-sample data sets, a second makes use of data generated by experimental evaluations of changes to means-tested programs. Much of the overall literature has focused on mean impacts. In this paper, we use random-assignment experimental data from Canada's Self-Suff...
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作者：Glazer, Amihai; Kanniainen, Vesa; Poutvaara, Panu
作者单位：University of Helsinki; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Copenhagen Business School
摘要：We consider the effects of income redistribution when people can migrate from one country to another, and when land within each country is heterogeneous. Taxes related to income can then affect property values, and can induce migration, which further affects property values. We show that under these conditions a utilitarian government should never equalize after-tax incomes. If migration is impossible, it may even transfer income from the poor to the rich, reducing the rents earned by absentee...
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作者：Eissa, Nada; Kleven, Henrik Jacobsen; Kreiner, Claus Thustrup
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Georgetown University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Copenhagen
摘要：An emerging consensus is that labor force participation is more responsive to taxes and transfers than hours worked. To understand the implications of participation responses for the welfare analysis of tax reform, this paper embeds this margin of labor supply in an explicit welfare theoretic framework. We apply the framework to examine the welfare effects on single mothers in the United States following four tax acts passed in 1986, 1990, 1993, and 2001. We propose a simulation method combini...
