-
作者：CRAMTON, PC; TRACY, JS
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：We present a bargaining model of union contract negotiations, in which the union decides between two threats: the union can strike, or it can continue to work under the expired contract. The model makes predictions about the level of dispute activity and the form disputes take. Strike incidence increases as the strike threat becomes more attractive, because of low unemployment or a real wage drop. We test these predictions by estimating logistic models of dispute incidence and dispute composit...
-
作者：CARRINGTON, WJ; ZAMAN, A
作者单位：Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University
摘要：Job displacement entails a substantial wage reduction for most displaced workers. We show that the mean reduction, the tenure profile of reductions, and the experience profile of reductions all vary substantially across industries. We then link this interindustry variation to analogous variation in firm size, unionization, wage levels, and the incidence of employer-provided training. While these industry characteristics explain some of the interindustry variation in mean wage reductions, they ...
-
作者：DOWRICK, S; SPENCER, BJ
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：The response of union utility to labor-saving innovation is analyzed within a framework of oligopolistic competition in the product market, taking account of wage bargaining under several alternative structures of industrial relations. Conditions are established under which wages and employment will rise or fall in response to innovation. Union opposition tends to occur when union preferences are weighted in favor of jobs and labor demand is perceived to be inelastic. Thus opposition is more l...
-
作者：PERACCHI, F; WELCH, F
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：We use the Current Population Survey to describe what we believe are the most salient aspects of labor force behavior of older men and women during the last 2 decades. First, we show that early retirement has increased dramatically, and this trend continued through the 1980s. Second, we show that the factors that most sharply distinguish propensities toward early retirement are those usually associated with low wages. Third, we show that trends in reduced participation for older men parallel t...
-
作者：MACLEOD, WB; MALCOMSON, JM; GOMME, P
作者单位：University of Southampton; Simon Fraser University
摘要：Wage and unemployment responses to changes in economic environment are compared for efficiency wage and frictional models. Changes in aggregate demand, persistence of job-specific shocks, cost of living, and unemployment benefits are considered. Wages and unemployment move in the same direction in the two models, except that an upward shift in aggregate labor demand can reduce the real wage in the efficiency wage, but not the frictional, model. In a numerical simulation calibrated to U.S. data...
-
作者：KNOEBER, CR; THURMAN, WN
摘要：Broiler chickens are raised by contract growers whose rewards depend explicitly upon relative performance. We use data on the performance of broiler producers facing both tournament and linear performance evaluation compensation structures to test three predictions from the theory of tournaments: that changes in the level of prizes that leave prize differentials unchanged will not affect performance; that, in mixed tournaments, more able players will choose less risky strategies; and that tour...
