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作者：MCLAUGHLIN, KJ
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; Hunter College (CUNY)
摘要：This article characterizes labor markets in which the heterogeneity of workers and firms results in thin markets and rents. Neoclassical marginal analysis and matching are blended into a computable general equilibrium model of trade in efficiency units of labor. Although workers' bargaining problems are interrelated, a simple wage contract generates wage flexibility and efficient matching in the model's equilibrium. Equilibrium wages are predicted to vary with the diversity of firms, the scarc...
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作者：YAVAS, A
摘要：This article examines the role of middlemen in bilateral search markets (e.g., employment agencies, real estate brokers). It is shown that the middleman narrows the set of buyer (firm) and seller (worker) types who search; seller types with high valuations and buyer types with low valuations drop out of the search market and instead trade through the middleman. The middleman also decreases the equilibrium search intensities of those agents who search. It is proven that the middleman improves w...
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作者：CRAMTON, PC; TRACY, JS
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：We present a bargaining model of union contract negotiations, in which the union decides between two threats: the union can strike, or it can continue to work under the expired contract. The model makes predictions about the level of dispute activity and the form disputes take. Strike incidence increases as the strike threat becomes more attractive, because of low unemployment or a real wage drop. We test these predictions by estimating logistic models of dispute incidence and dispute composit...
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作者：CHRISTENSEN, BJ; KIEFER, NM
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：Statistical analysis of the job-search model has isolated the role played by the minimum observed wage in identifying and estimating behavioral parameters. Estimators based on order statistics, however, are influenced by measurement error in ways that estimators based on averages are not, and there is ample evidence that wage data contain measurement errors. We propose a model in which worker behavior is captured by the prototypal search model but wages are observed with error.
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作者：HARRISON, A; STEWART, M
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：We examine cyclicality of strike frequency and incidence, using Canadian data on strikes and contracts. Total strike frequency exhibits significant procyclicality, to which within-contract strikes contribute appreciably. Evidence is weaker for procyclical behavior of contract-expiry strikes, both in total and disaggregated by issue. Strike incidence is also procyclical, particularly in manufacturing, though the pro-cyclicality here is confined to strikes over nonwage issues. These results mirr...
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作者：ANGRIST, J; KRUEGER, AB
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：World War II veterans earn more than nonveterans in their cohort. We test whether the World War II veteran premium reflects nonrandom selection into the military of men with higher earnings potential. The estimation is based on the fact that from 1942 to 1947 priority for conscription was determined by date of birth. Information on individuals' dates of birth may therefore be used to construct instrumental variables for veteran status. Empirical results from the 1960, 1970, and 1980 censuses, ...
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作者：ASHENFELTER, O
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作者：VANDENBERG, GJ
摘要：Generally, it is.acknowledged that changing the job offer arrival rate has two opposite effects on unemployment duration. For a basic job search model, sufficient conditions on the wage offer distribution have been derived, ensuring that one of the effects dominates. However, these are not satisfied for the popular families of wage offer distributions. Here I show that the conditions can be weakened at virtually no cost. The set of distributions satisfying the new conditions is considerably la...
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作者：RUHM, CJ
摘要：Three to 5 years after job displacements, workers receiving the advance notice mandated by current law earn approximately 10% more than their nonnotified counterparts. This differential is not the result of firms systematically notifying persons with favorable reemployment prospects-early warnings are disproportionately obtained by individuals expected to earn relatively low wages in subsequent employment. It is not clear, however, whether prenotification has a causal effect. The notification ...
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作者：FARBER, HS
摘要：I use a large sample of jobs from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine job mobility patterns and to evaluate theories of interfirm worker mobility. There are three main findings. First, the monthly hazard of job ending is not monotonically decreasing in tenure as most earlier work using annual data has found, but it increases to a maximum at 3 months and declines thereafter. Second, mobility is strongly positively related to the frequency of job change prior to the start of the...
