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作者：DeBacker, Jason
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Using data on federal outlays and U.S. House elections,! estimate the effect of the pork barrel on the quality of officeholders, taking into account the fact that seniority creates a dynamic linkage across periods. After estimating the parameters governing the influence of seniority on federal outlays and the parameters governing the distributions of candidate quality, I conduct several policy experiments to uncover the size of the welfare loss created by the seniority system. I find that the ...
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作者：Auerbach, Alan J.; Lee, Ronald
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Using stochastic simulations we analyze how public pension structures spread the risks arising from demographic and economic shocks across generations. We consider several actual and hypothetical sustainable PAYGO pension structures, including: (1) versions of the US Social Security system with annual adjustments of taxes or benefits to maintain fiscal balance; (2) Sweden's Notional Defined Contribution system and several variants developed to improve fiscal stability; and (3) the German syste...
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作者：Berthelon, Matias E.; Kruger, Diana I.
作者单位：Universidad Adolfo Ibanez
摘要：We analyze the effect of a Chilean school reform that lengthened the school day from half to full-day shifts on the likelihood that adolescents engage in risky behaviors. By increasing the number of hours spent in school, the reform curtails opportunities to engage in risky behaviors that may lead to motherhood and crime. We exploit the exogenous time and regional variations of the reform's implementation to identify the effects of adult supervision on the likelihood that adolescent girls beco...
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作者：Arcidiacono, Peter; Khan, Shakeeb; Vigdor, Jacob L.
摘要：Given the existence of non-selective universities, the question of whether to employ racial preferences in college admissions reduces to one of optimal allocation of a finite resource: students who are members of under-represented racial or ethnic groups. In this paper, we assess recent legal arguments that racial preferences at selective colleges promote meaningful on-campus interracial interaction. As such, we model such interaction as a function of minority representation and, in some cases...
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作者：Shan, Hui
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 (TRA97) significantly changed the tax treatment of housing capital gains in the United States. Before 1997, homeowners were subject to capital gains taxation when they sold their houses unless they purchased replacement homes of equal or greater value. Since 1997, homeowners can exclude capital gains of $500,000 (or $250,000 for single filers) when they sell their houses. Such dramatic changes provide a good opportunity to study the lock-in effect of capital gai...
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作者：Rothstein, Jesse; Rouse, Cecilia Elena
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In the early 2000s, a highly selective university introduced a no-loans policy under which the loan component of financial aid awards was replaced with grants. We use this natural experiment to identify the causal effect of student debt on employment outcomes. In the standard life-cycle model, young people make optimal educational investment decisions if they are able to finance these investments by borrowing against future earnings; the presence of debt has only income effects on investment d...
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作者：Sausgruber, Rupert; Tyran, Jean-Robert
作者单位：University of Vienna; University of Innsbruck; University of Copenhagen
摘要：We let consumers vote on tax regimes in experimental markets. We test if taxes on sellers are more popular than taxes on consumers, i.e. on voters themselves, even if taxes on sellers are inefficiently high. Taxes on sellers are more popular if voters underestimate the extent of tax-shifting in the market. We show that inexperienced voters are prone to such a tax-shifting bias, that experience is an effective de-biasing mechanism, but that pre-vote deliberation about tax regimes makes initiall...
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作者：Jackson, C. Kirabo; Owens, Emily Greene
作者单位：Cornell University; Northwestern University
摘要：We exploit arguably exogenous train schedule changes in Washington DC to investigate the relationship between public transportation, the risky decision to consume alcohol, and the criminal decision to engage in alcohol-impaired driving. Using variation over time, across days of the week, and over the course of the day, we provide evidence that overall there was little effect of expanded public transit service on DUI arrests, alcohol related fatal traffic and alcohol related arrests. However, w...
