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作者：Kornfeld, R; Bloom, HS
作者单位：ABT Associates; New York University
摘要：This article attempts to determine whether wage records reported by employers to state unemployment insurance (UI) agencies provide a valid alternative to more costly retrospective sample surveys of individuals as the basis for measuring the impacts of employment and training programs for low-income persons. We analyze UI data and survey data for a sample of low-income adults and youths from 12 sites in the National Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) study. Our comparison indicates that impac...
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作者：Lazear, EP
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作者：Fairlie, RW
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Estimates from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics indicate that African-American men are one-third as likely to be self-employed as white men. The large discrepancy is due to a black transition rate into self-employment that is approximately one-half the white rate and a black transition rate out of self-employment that is Mice the white rate. Using a new variation of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique, I find that racial differences in asset levels and probabilities of having self-emp...
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作者：Juhn, C; Kim, DI
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：This article examines whether increases in female labor supply contributed to rising wage inequality and declining real wages of less skilled males during the 1980s. While male wage declines are concentrated in the 1980s, female labor supply growth slowed in the 1980s relative to the 1970s. Women also increased the relative supply of skill in the economy in the 1980s. Using state-level data we estimate cross-substitution effects between men and women. Once we account for demand changes we find...
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作者：Kuhn, P; Gu, WL
作者单位：McMaster University
摘要：When union-firm pairs bargain sequentially, and when unobserved components of firms' abilities to pay are subject to correlated shocks, unions that bargain later in a sequence can acquire valuable information by observing previous bargaining outcomes in their industry. We derive the implications of this kind of learning in an asymmetric information model of wage negotiations and argue that the most robust implication is a lower incidence of strikes among followers than leaders in wage negotiat...
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作者：Green, DA
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：This article compares immigrant and native-born male occupational distributions in Canada in the 1980s. Three questions are addressed: (1) How do immigrant and native-born occupational distributions differ? (2) Are immigrants more occupationally mobile? and (3) How do immigrant occupations and mobility relate to characteristics used in immigrant selection! Results indicate that immigrants are more skilled, but this declines across successive cohorts. Immigrants are more occupationally mobile e...
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作者：Dickens, R; Machin, S; Manning, A
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London
摘要：Recent work on the economic effects of minimum wages has stressed that the standard economic model, where increases in minimum wages depress employment, is not supported by empirical work in some labor markets. We present a general theoretical model whereby employers have some degree of monopsony power, which allows minimum wages to have the conventional negative impact on employment but which also allows for a neutral or positive impact. Studying the industry-based British Wages Councils betw...
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作者：Albrecht, JW; Vroman, SB
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：This article examines the effects of unemployment compensation finance in a labor market in which firms pay efficiency wages. Two self-financing unemployment compensation systems are compared: one in which benefits are financed by a proportional payroll tax and another in which experience rating is introduced by taxing firms in proportion to their separations. We find that experience rating leads to less unemployment, less shirking, and higher output.
