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作者：Hoynes, Hilary Williamson; Schanzenbach, Diane Whitmore
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Labor supply theory makes strong predictions about how the introduction or expansion of a social welfare program impacts work effort. Although there is a large literature on the work incentive effects of AFDC and the EITC, relatively little is known about the work incentive effects of the Food Stamp Program and none of the existing literature is based on quasi-experimental methods. We use the cross-county introduction of the program in the 1960s and 1970s to estimate the impact of the program ...
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作者：Heaton, Paul
作者单位：RAND Corporation
摘要：Many jurisdictions have considered relaxing Sunday alcohol sale restrictions, yet such restrictions' effects on public health remain poorly understood. This paper analyzes the effects of legalization of Sunday packaged liquor sales on crime, focusing on the phased introduction of such sales in Virginia beginning in 2004. Differences-in-differences and triple-difference estimates indicate the liberalization increased minor crime by 5% and alcohol-involved serious crime by 10%. The law change di...
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作者：Sole-Olle, Albert; Viladecans-Marsal, Elisabet
作者单位：University of Barcelona
摘要：We analyze whether local land supply is influenced by the degree of political competition, and interpret the findings as indications of the influence wielded by land developer lobbies. We use a new database including both political and land supply data for more than 2,000 Spanish municipalities for the period 2003-2007. In Spain, land use policies are largely a local responsibility, with municipalities needing periodically to pass comprehensive land use plans. The main policy variable in these...
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作者：Anesi, Vincent
作者单位：University of Nottingham
摘要：With the changing political and economic circumstances confronting their countries, regionally concentrated minorities have been facing a strategic problem, important aspects of which can be stylized as a situation in which a minority leader is uncertain about the costs of secession for her community. This paper shows that this uncertainty is a central cause of secession, using a model which incorporates both policies to appease secessionist aspirations and informational asymmetries. In a situ...
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作者：Liang, Che-Yuan
作者单位：Uppsala University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：This paper extends the nonparametric structural method to estimate labor supply developed by Blomquist and Newey (2002) to handle cases in which there are individuals who do not work. The method is then applied to married women in Sweden from 1973 to 1999. I find an uncompensated wage elasticity of 0.98 and an income elasticity of -0.10, with the participation margin accounting for one third of the wage elasticity and two thirds of the income elasticity. The elasticities vary, however, a lot o...
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作者：Hainz, Christa; Hakenes, Hendrik
作者单位：University of Bonn; Max Planck Society; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Politicians should spend money as efficiently as possible. But what is the best method of granting state aid to firms? We use a theoretical model with firms that differ in their success probabilities and compare different types of direct subsidies with indirect subsidies through bank loans. We find that, for a large range of parameters, subsidies through banks entail higher social welfare than direct subsidies, avoiding windfall gains to entrepreneurs and economizing on screening costs. For se...
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作者：Marie, Olivier; Vall Castello, Judit
作者单位：Universitat de Girona; Maastricht University; Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：We analyze the employment effect of a law that provides for a 36% increase in the generosity of disability insurance (DI) for claimants who are, as a result of their lack of skills and of the labour market conditions they face, deemed unlikely to find a job. The selection process for treatment is therefore conditional on having a low probability of employment, making evaluation of its effect intrinsically difficult. We exploit the fact that the benefit increase is only available to individuals...
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作者：van der Ploeg, Frederick; Withagen, Cees
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Oxford; Tinbergen Institute; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：Our main message is that it is optimal to use less coal and more oil once one takes account of coal being a backstop which emits much more CO2 than oil. The way of achieving this is to have a steeply rising carbon tax during the initial oil-only phase, a less-steeply rising carbon tax during the intermediate phase where oil and coal are used alongside each other and the following coal-only phase, and a flat carbon tax during the final renewables-only phase. The laissez-faire outcome uses coal ...
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作者：Hwang, Sung-Ha
作者单位：Sogang University
摘要：This paper studies how the technology of military conflict affects the allocation of resources in military spending (guns) and productive investment (butter). We first identify the fundamental property of conflict technology which the two commonly used contest success functions, the difference and ratio forms, share. Using this property, named the constant elasticity of augmentation, we construct a new class of contest success functions, hence generalizing the two forms. We provide axiomatic a...
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作者：Pastine, Ivan; Pastine, Tuvana
作者单位：Maynooth University; University College Dublin
摘要：This paper presents a model which captures the three main arguments for and against campaign spending limits. Campaign spending limits are purported to restrict the incumbent's ability to exploit his fundraising advantage. In contrast to conventional wisdom, a ceiling increases the incumbent's probability of victory regardless of the candidates' relative fundraising abilities as long as the challenger is not more effective in campaign spending. If the challenger is more effective in campaign s...
