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作者：Bayer, Patrick; McMillan, Robert
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Toronto
摘要：Tiebout's classic 1956 paper has strong implications regarding stratification across and within jurisdictions, predicting in the simplest instance a hierarchy of internally homogeneous communities ordered by income. Typically, urban areas are less than fully stratified, and the question arises, how much do departures from standard Tiebout assumptions contribute to observed within-neighborhood mixing? This paper quantifies the separate effects of employment geography (via costly commuting) and ...
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作者：Buettner, Thiess; Overesch, Michael; Schreiber, Ulrich; Wamser, Georg
作者单位：University of Erlangen Nuremberg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Goethe University Frankfurt; University of Mannheim; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：This paper analyzes the effectiveness of limitations of the tax deductibility of interest expenses for multinational corporations, so-called thin-capitalization rules. The empirical investigation exploits a large micro-level panel dataset of multinational firms to analyze the effects of thin-capitalization rules on the capital structure of foreign subsidiaries located in OECD countries in the time period between 1996 and 2004. The findings indicate that thin-capitalization rules effectively re...
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作者：Miller, Sarah
作者单位：Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF); University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Notre Dame
摘要：This paper analyzes the impact of a major health reform in Massachusetts on emergency room (ER) visits. I exploit the variation in pre-reform uninsurance rates across counties to identify the causal effect of the reform on ER visits. My estimates imply that the reform reduced ER usage by between 5 and 8%, nearly all of which is accounted for by a reduction in non-urgent visits that could be treated in alternative settings. The reduction in emergency room visits is most pronounced during regula...
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作者：Litschig, Stephan
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：Manipulation of government finances for the benefit of narrowly defined groups is usually thought to be limited to the part of the budget over which politicians exercise discretion in the short run, such as earmarks. Analyzing a revenue-sharing program between the central and local governments in Brazil that uses an allocation formula based on local population estimates, I document two main results: first, that the population estimates entering the formula were manipulated and second, that thi...
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作者：Brueckner, Markus; Chong, Alberto; Gradstein, Mark
作者单位：National University of Singapore; University of Ottawa; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：This paper provides instrumental variable estimates of the permanent income elasticity of government expenditures. It uses annual variation in the international oil price weighted with countries' average oil net-export GDP shares as a plausibly exogenous source of within-country variation in countries' permanent income. The short-run estimates of the permanent income elasticity are robust across alternative specifications and are below one: the estimated elasticity coefficients range between 0...
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作者：Markussen, Simen; Mykletun, Arnstein; Roed, Knut
作者单位：Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH)
摘要：Can a work-first strategy control moral hazard problems in temporary disability insurance, and accelerate recovery? Based on empirical analysis of Norwegian data, we show that it can. Activation requirements not only bring down benefit claims, they also reduce the likelihood that long-term sickness absence leads to inactivity. Our findings show that absentees who are assigned graded (partial) absence certificates by their physician have shorter absences and higher subsequent employment rates t...
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作者：Baicker, Katherine; Clemens, Jeffrey; Singhal, Monica
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：One of the most dramatic changes in the fiscal federalism landscape during the postwar period has been the rapid growth in state budgets, which almost tripled as a share of GDP and doubled as a share of government spending between 1952 and 2006. We argue that the greater role of states cannot be easily explained by changes in Tiebout forces of fiscal competition, such as mobility and voting patterns, and are not accounted for by demographic or income trends. Rather, we demonstrate that much of...
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作者：Gordon, Roger H.; Cullen, Julie Berry
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Though the traditional literature in fiscal federalism argues that the Federal government should have primary responsibility for income redistribution, U.S. states are in fact actively engaged in redistribution. This paper develops a positive model of the respective roles of state and Federal governments that can rationalize this observation. Redistribution by states creates positive horizontal fiscal externalities to other states due to migration, but negative vertical fiscal externalities to...
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作者：Andreoni, James; Gee, Laura K.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper compares two methods to encourage socially optimal provision of a public good. We compare the efficacy of vigilante justice, as represented by peer-to-peer punishment, to delegated policing, as represented by the hired gun mechanism, to deter free riding and improve group welfare. Small self-governing organizations often place enforcement in the hands of an appointed leader-the department chair, the building superintendent, and the team captain. This hired gun, we show, need only pu...
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作者：Halonen-Akatwijuka, Maija
作者单位：University of Bristol
摘要：Besley and Ghatak (2001) show that a public good should be owned by the agent who values the public good the most - irrespective of technological factors. In this paper we relax their assumptions in a natural way by allowing the agents to be indispensable, and we show that the relative valuations are not the sole determinant of an optimal ownership structure but also the nature of human capital and technology matter. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
