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作者：Djajic, Slobodan; Michael, Michael S.; Vinogradova, Alexandra
作者单位：University of Cyprus; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：We examine the interaction between policies of the host and source countries in the context of a model of skilled-worker migration. The host country aims to provide low-cost labor for its employers while also taking into consideration the fiscal burden of providing social services to immigrants. It optimizes by setting a time limit on the duration of a guest-worker's permit. The source country maximizes its net output by optimally choosing the amount of training provided to its citizens, some ...
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作者：Freedman, Matthew
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：This paper examines the effects of investment subsidized by the federal government's New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) program, which provides tax incentives to encourage private investment in low-income neighborhoods. I identify the impacts of the program by taking advantage of a discontinuity in the rule determining the eligibility of census tracts for NMTC-subsidized investment. Using this discontinuity,as a source of quasi-experimental variation in commercial development across tracts, I find ...
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作者：Kolstad, Jonathan T.; Kowalski, Amanda E.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In April 2006, Massachusetts passed legislation aimed at achieving near-universal health insurance coverage. The key features of this legislation were a model for national health reform, passed in March 2010. The reform gives us a novel opportunity to examine the impact of expansion to near-universal coverage state-wide. Among hospital discharges in Massachusetts, we find that the reform decreased uninsurance by 36% relative to its initial level and to other states. Reform affected utilization...
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作者：Hoynes, Hilary W.; Luttmer, Erzo F. P.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College
摘要：This paper estimates the total value that individuals derive from their state's tax-and-transfer program, and shows how this value varies by income. The paper decomposes this total value into two components: redistributive value, which is due to predictable changes in income (and family circumstances), and insurance value, which occurs when taxes and transfers compensate for unexpected income shocks. Our approach is a forward-looking one, where we examine income and transfers net of taxes over...
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作者：Williams, Roberton C., III
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In recent years, cases in which state governments chose to override federal environmental regulation with tighter regulations of their own have become increasingly common, even for pollutants that have substantial spillovers across states. This paper argues that this change arose at least in part because of a shift in the type of regulation used at the federal level, from command-and-control regulation toward more incentive-based regulation. Under an incentive-based federal regulation, a state...
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作者：Cullen, Julie; Gordon, Rafael
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作者：Boadway, Robin; Tremblay, Jean-Francois
作者单位：Queens University - Canada; University of Ottawa
摘要：The Tiebout model has been the reference point for the classical approach to fiscal federalism. Its emphasis on mobility, benefit taxation, and the advantages of fiscal competition have informed fiscal federalism since the seminal contributions of Musgrave and Oates. This paper reviews the influence that the Tiebout model has had on fiscal federalism, and argues that while its insights remain relevant for local government, it is far from compelling as a positive description of, or a normative ...
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作者：Sallee, James M.; Slemrod, Joel
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Notches - where marginal changes in behavior lead to discrete changes in a tax or subsidy - figure prominently in many policies. In this paper, we analyze notches in fuel economy policies, which aim to reduce negative externalities associated with fuel consumption. We provide evidence that automakers respond to notches in the Gas Guzzler Tax and mandatory fuel economy labels by precisely manipulating fuel economy ratings so as to just qualify for more favorable treatment. We then describe the ...
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作者：Steinorth, Petra
作者单位：St. John's University
摘要：This paper examines market reaction to the introduction of enhanced annuities in a market for deferred standard annuities. The previous literature shows that individuals can try to avoid risk classification by contracting a standard annuity earlier in their life. This paper offers a new perspective to the timing of the annuity purchase under the assumption that individuals already have an idea about their future risk type when young which becomes clearer over time. It shows that enhanced annui...
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作者：Barrios, Salvador; Huizinga, Harry; Laeven, Luc; Nicodeme, Gaetan
作者单位：European Commission Joint Research Centre; Tilburg University; Tilburg University; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：Using a large international firm-level data set, we examine the separate effects of host and additional parent country taxation on the location decisions of multinational firms. Both types of taxation are estimated to have a negative impact on the location of new foreign subsidiaries. The impact of parent country taxation is estimated to be sizeable consistent with its international discriminatory nature. Our results show that international double taxation by the parent country - despite the g...
