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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Ashenfelter, Orley; Black, Sandra; Hoynes, Hilary; Kennan, John; Lundberg, Shelly; Shaw, Kathryn
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作者：Skuterud, Mikal
作者单位：University of Waterloo
摘要：Between 1997 and 2000, the Canadian province of Quebec reduced its standard workweek from 44 to 40 hours with the aim of stimulating employment growth. Unlike the European work-sharing policies examined elsewhere, the Quebec policy contained no suggestion or requirement that employers provide wage increases to compensate workers for lost hours. For this reason, among others, the Quebec policy provides a better test of the potential of work-sharing as a job-creation strategy. The evidence sugge...
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作者：Lee, Darin; Rupp, Nicholas G.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; East Carolina University
摘要：Since the days of Henry Ford, employers have argued that higher pay induces employees to provide additional effort. While the converse is also thought to be true, there is little empirical evidence testing this hypothesis. Not only are significant company-wide pay cuts rarely observed in practice but measures of employee effort are typically difficult to quantify. This article examines the effort responses of U. S. commercial airline pilots following a recent series of large, permanent pay cut...
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作者：Harstad, Bard
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：This article brings together the market for products, the market for talent, and firms' organizational form. While the organizational design determines the allocation of blame and fame within the firm, the value of a good reputation depends on the market structure. Consequently, the market structure dictates the optimal organizational design. If competition becomes tougher and the market thicker, transparent firms decentralize while nontransparent firms concentrate control, transparency itself...
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作者：Boschini, Anne; Sjogren, Anna
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：We model team formation as a random matching process influenced by agents' preferences for team size and gender composition. We then test if the coauthorship pattern in articles published during 1991 - 2002 in three top economics journals is gender neutral, exploiting variation in female presence across subfields. Controlling for author, team, and field characteristics, we find that the gender gap in the propensity to coauthor with a woman increases in the presence of women in the subfield. We...
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作者：Rebitzer, James B.; Taylor, Lowell J.
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：We study the economics of employment relationships in large law firms. Our point of departure is the property-rights approach that emphasizes the centrality of ownership's legal rights to control significant nonhuman assets of the enterprise. From this perspective, law firms are an interesting object of study because the key asset in these firms is knowledge, particularly knowledge of the needs and interests of clients. We argue that two distinctive organizational features of law firms - the u...
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作者：Baker, Matthew J.; Jacobsen, Joyce P.
作者单位：Wesleyan University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Hunter College (CUNY)
摘要：We consider why the gender division of labor is so often enforced by custom and why customary gender divisions of labor generally involve both direction and prohibition. In our formal model, agents first learn skills and then enter the marriage market. We show that wasteful behavior may emerge due to strategic incentives in specialization choice and human capital acquisition and that both problems may be mitigated through a customary gender division of labor. This division is not Pareto improv...
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作者：Guadalupe, Maria
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：This article examines the effect of product market competition on firms' willingness to pay for workers of different skills. Using a panel of UK workers and two different quasi-natural experiments, I show that returns to skill within an industry increase with competition. I also investigate the mechanisms behind this relationship: in addition to the indirect effects that operate through union bargaining and skill-biased technical change, there is evidence for a direct effect of competition bey...
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作者：Fairlie, Robert W.; Robb, Alicia M.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Using confidential microdata from the Characteristics of Business Owners survey, we examine why African American - owned businesses lag substantially behind white-owned businesses in sales, profits, employment, and survival. Black business owners are much less likely than white owners to have had a self-employed family member owner prior to starting their business and less likely to have worked in that family member's business. Using a nonlinear decomposition technique, we find that the lack o...
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作者：Aaronson, Daniel; French, Eric
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：We infer the employment response to a minimum wage change by calibrating a model of employment for the restaurant industry. Whereas perfect competition implies that employment falls and prices rise after a minimum wage increase, the monopsony model potentially implies the opposite. We show that estimated price responses are consistent with the competitive model. We place fairly tight bounds on the employment response, with the most plausible parameter values suggesting that a 10% increase in t...
