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作者：Charness, Gary; Kuhn, Peter
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：We study worker behavior in an efficiency- wage environment in which coworkers' wages can influence a worker's effort. Theoretically, we show that an increase in workers' responsiveness to coworkers' wages should lead profit-maximizing firms to compress wages. Our laboratory experiments, by contrast, show that while workers' effort choices are highly sensitive to their own wages, effort is not affected by coworkers' wages. This casts doubt on the notion that workers' concerns with equity might...
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作者：Aaronson, Daniel; Barrow, Lisa; Sander, William
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; DePaul University
摘要：We estimate the importance of teachers in Chicago public high schools using matched student-teacher administrative data. A one standard deviation, one semester improvement in math teacher quality raises student math scores by 0.13 grade equivalents or, over 1 year, roughly one-fifth of average yearly gains. Estimates are relatively stable over time, reasonably impervious to a variety of conditioning variables, and do not appear to be driven by classroom sorting or selective score reporting. Al...
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作者：Chiappori, Pierre-Andre; Weiss, Yoram
作者单位：Columbia University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：There is some evidence that children of divorced parents do not perform as well as comparable children in intact families but that this gap declines with the aggregate divorce rate. We develop a model in which the higher expectations for remarriage associated with higher divorce rates can trigger an equilibrium in which divorced fathers make more generous transfers that benefit their children and the mother in the aftermath of divorce. As a result, the welfare loss of children from the separat...
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作者：Dinopoulos, Elias; Zhao, Laixun
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Kobe University
摘要：The article embeds child labor in a standard general equilibrium, two-sector model of a small open economy facing perfectly competitive markets, efficiency wages, and free trade. The modern sector uses skilled adult labor and capital, and the agrarian sector uses unskilled (child and adult) labor and skilled adult labor. Trade policies, foreign direct investment, or both that increase the modern-sector output reduce the incidence of child labor. Emigration of skilled (unskilled) workers reduce...
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作者：Varejao, Jose; Portugal, Pedro
作者单位：Universidade do Porto; Universidade Nova de Lisboa
摘要：In this article we document the patterns of employment adjustment at the micro level. We find clear evidence of lumpy adjustment consistent with the presence of nonconvexities in the adjustment technology-inaction is pervasive, action spells are short-lived, and extreme adjustment episodes are responsible for a nontrivial share of employment adjustment. We also find that the probability of employment adjustment increases with the duration of inaction. The skill structure of the workforce, the ...
