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作者：Bar, Talia; Kadiyali, Vrinda; Zussman, Asaf
作者单位：Cornell University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：Concerns over grade inflation and disparities in grading practices have led institutions of higher education in the United States to adopt various grading reforms. An element common to several reforms is providing information on the distribution of grades in different courses. The main aims of such grades in context policies are to make grades more informative to transcript readers and to curb grade inflation. We provide a simple model to demonstrate that such policies can have complex effects...
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作者：Lavy, Victor; Silva, Olmo; Weinhardt, Felix
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Warwick
摘要：We study ability peer effects in English secondary schools using data on four cohorts of students taking age-14 national tests and measuring peers' ability by prior achievements at age 11. Our identification is based on within-pupil regressions exploiting variation in achievements across three compulsory subjects tested at age 14 and age 11. Using this novel strategy, we find significant and sizable negative effects arising from bad peers at the bottom of the ability distribution but little ev...
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作者：Antonovics, Kate; Golan, Limor
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：In this article, we examine optimal job choices when jobs differ in the rate at which they reveal information about workers' skills. We then analyze how the optimal level of experimentation changes over a worker's career and characterize job transitions and wage growth over the life cycle. Using the Dictionary of Occupational Titles merged with the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we then construct an index of how much information different occupations reveal about workers' skills a...
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作者：Mansour, Hani
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; University of Colorado Denver; Children's Hospital Colorado; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
摘要：Models of employer learning have two implications: first, the distribution of wages becomes more dispersed as a cohort of workers gains experience; second, the coefficient on an ability correlate that employers initially do not observe grows with experience. If learning by employers varies across occupations, both of these indicators of learning should covary positively across groups defined by a worker's initial occupational assignment. This paper tests these implications using data from the ...
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作者：Roth, Alvin E.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：In this reply I describe the unraveling of transaction dates in several markets, including the labor market for new lawyers hired by large law firms. This and other markets illustrate that unraveling can occur in markets with competitive prices, that it can result in substantial inefficiencies, and that marketplace institutions play a role in restoring efficiency. All of these contradict the conclusions of Priest.
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作者：Cingano, Federico; Rosolia, Alfonso
摘要：We assess the strength of information spillovers relating unemployment duration of workers displaced by firm closures to their former colleagues' current employment status. Displaced-specific networks are recovered from a 20-year panel of matched employer-employee data. Spillovers are identified by comparing performances of codisplaced workers. A one-standard-deviation increase in the network employment rate reduces unemployment duration by about 8%; the effect is magnified if contacts recentl...
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作者：Heywood, John S.; Parent, Daniel
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Milwaukee
摘要：We show that the reported tendency for performance pay to be associated with greater wage inequality at the top of the earnings distribution applies only to white workers. This results in the white-black wage differential among those in performance pay jobs growing over the earnings distribution even as the same differential shrinks over the distribution for those not in performance pay jobs. We show that this remains true even when examining suitable counterfactuals that hold observables cons...
