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作者：Borjas, George J.; Doran, Kirk B.
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Notre Dame
摘要：Knowledge producers conducting research on a particular set of questions may respond to supply and demand shocks by shifting resources to a different set of questions. Cognitive mobility measures the transition from one location to another in idea space. We examine the cognitive mobility flows unleashed by the influx of Soviet mathematicians into the United States after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The data reveal that American mathematicians moved away from fields that received large num...
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作者：Grogger, Jeffrey; Hanson, Gordon H.
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We analyze location choices of foreign-born science and engineering students receiving PhDs from US universities. Foreign students who stay in the United States are positively selected on observables. They tend to stay in the United States during periods of strong US economic growth and during periods of weak home country economic growth. Foreign students from higher-income countries and from recently democratized countries tend not to remain in the United States. Education and innovation may ...
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作者：Peri, Giovanni; Shih, Kevin; Sparber, Chad
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; Colgate University
摘要：Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workers are fundamental inputs for innovation, the main driver of productivity growth. We identify the long-run effect of STEM employment growth on outcomes for native workers across 219 US cities from 1990 to 2010. We use the 1980 distribution of foreign-born STEM workers and variation in the H-1B visa program to identify supply-driven STEM increases across cities. Increases in STEM workers are associated with significant wage gains for...
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作者：Hunt, Jennifer
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using the American Community Surveys, I examine the wages of immigrant computer and engineering workers. Immigrants' higher education gives them a wage advantage over natives, an advantage larger for computer than for engineering workers, and larger in occupation-based samples than in education-based samples. Among holders of engineering degrees, immigrants earn less than natives, penalized by a high return to English proficiency. The results suggest that imperfect English may reduce their occ...
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作者：Bound, John; Braga, Breno; Golden, Joseph M.; Khanna, Gaurav
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Urban Institute
摘要：We present and calibrate a dynamic model that characterizes the labor market for computer scientists. In our model, firms can recruit computer scientists from recently graduated college students, from STEM workers working in other occupations, or from a pool of foreign talent. Counterfactual simulations suggest that wages for computer scientists would have been 2.8%-3.8% higher and the number of Americans employed as computer scientists 7.0%-13.6% higher in 2004 if firms could not hire more fo...
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作者：Orrenius, Pia M.; Zavodny, Madeline
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas
摘要：Immigration may affect the likelihood that US natives major in science or engineering. Foreign-born students may crowd US natives out of science or engineering, or they may have positive spillovers on US natives that attract or retain them in those fields. This study uses data on college majors from the 2009-11 American Community Surveys to examine the effect of the immigrant share in US natives' age cohort while they are in high school or in college. We find some evidence that immigration adv...
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作者：Ganguli, Ina
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：This paper examines how high-skilled immigrants contribute to knowledge diffusion using a rich data set of Russian scientists and US citations to Soviet-era publications. Analysis of a panel of US cities and scientific fields shows that citations to Soviet-era work increased significantly with the arrival of immigrants. A difference-in-differences analysis with matched paper pairs also shows that after Russian scientists moved to the United States, citations to their Soviet-era papers increase...
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作者：Delfgaauw, Josse; Dur, Robert; Non, Arjan; Verbeke, Willem
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tinbergen Institute; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Maastricht University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We conduct a natural field experiment in a retail chain to test predictions of tournament theory regarding prize spread and noise. A random subset of the 208 stores participates in two-stage elimination tournaments. Tournaments differ in the distribution of prize money across winners of the first and second rounds of the tournament. As predicted, we find that a more convex prize spread increases second-round performance at the expense of first-round performance, although the magnitude of these...
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作者：Dustmann, Christian; Glitz, Albrecht
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：This paper analyzes how changes in the skill mix of local labor supply are absorbed by the economy, distinguishing between three adjustment mechanisms: wages, expansion in size of those production units using the more abundant skill group more intensively, and more intensive use of the more abundant skill group within production units. We contribute to the literature by analyzing these adjustments on the firm rather than industry level, using German administrative data. We show that most adjus...
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作者：Kerr, William R.; Turner, Sarah E.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Virginia
