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作者：Sjoquist, David L.; Winters, John V.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Since 1991 more than two dozen states have adopted merit-based student financial aid programs, intended at least in part to increase the stock of human capital by improving the knowledge and skills of the state's workforce. At the same time, there has been growing concern that the United States is producing too few college graduates in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Using microdata from the American Community Survey, this paper examines whether recently adopte...
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作者：Borjas, George J.; Doran, Kirk B.
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Notre Dame
摘要：Knowledge producers conducting research on a particular set of questions may respond to supply and demand shocks by shifting resources to a different set of questions. Cognitive mobility measures the transition from one location to another in idea space. We examine the cognitive mobility flows unleashed by the influx of Soviet mathematicians into the United States after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The data reveal that American mathematicians moved away from fields that received large num...
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作者：Grogger, Jeffrey; Hanson, Gordon H.
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We analyze location choices of foreign-born science and engineering students receiving PhDs from US universities. Foreign students who stay in the United States are positively selected on observables. They tend to stay in the United States during periods of strong US economic growth and during periods of weak home country economic growth. Foreign students from higher-income countries and from recently democratized countries tend not to remain in the United States. Education and innovation may ...
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作者：Kinsler, Josh; Pavan, Ronni
作者单位：University of Rochester; University of London
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作者：Peri, Giovanni; Shih, Kevin; Sparber, Chad
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; Colgate University
摘要：Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workers are fundamental inputs for innovation, the main driver of productivity growth. We identify the long-run effect of STEM employment growth on outcomes for native workers across 219 US cities from 1990 to 2010. We use the 1980 distribution of foreign-born STEM workers and variation in the H-1B visa program to identify supply-driven STEM increases across cities. Increases in STEM workers are associated with significant wage gains for...
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作者：Benson, Alan
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：This paper examines how sales managers, acting as agents of the firm, game the staffing and incentives of their subordinates. Sales managers on a quota's cusp have a unique personal incentive to retain and lower quotas for poor-performing subordinates, allowing one to isolate a manager's interest from the firm's. Using microdata from 244 firms that subscribe to a cloud-based service for processing sales compensation, I estimate that 13%-15% of both quota adjustments and retentions among poor p...
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作者：Pallais, Amanda
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In 1997, the ACT increased the number of free score reports it provided to students from three to four, maintaining a $6 marginal cost for each additional report. In response to this $6 cost change, ACT-takers sent many more score reports and applications relative to SAT-takers. They widened the range of colleges they sent scores to, and low-income ACT-takers attended more-selective colleges. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that the policy substantially increased low-income students'...
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作者：Hunt, Jennifer
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using the American Community Surveys, I examine the wages of immigrant computer and engineering workers. Immigrants' higher education gives them a wage advantage over natives, an advantage larger for computer than for engineering workers, and larger in occupation-based samples than in education-based samples. Among holders of engineering degrees, immigrants earn less than natives, penalized by a high return to English proficiency. The results suggest that imperfect English may reduce their occ...
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作者：Gobillon, Laurent; Meurs, Dominique; Roux, Sebastien
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Universite Paris Nanterre
摘要：This paper proposes a new measure of gender differences in access to jobs based on a job assignment model. This measure is the probability ratio of getting a job for a female and a male at each rank of the wage ladder. We derive a nonparametric estimator of this access measure and estimate it for French full-time executives aged 40-45 in the private sector. Our results show that the gender difference in the probability of getting a job increases along the wage ladder from 9% to 50%. Females th...
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作者：Bruze, Gustaf; Svarer, Michael; Weiss, Yoram
作者单位：Aarhus University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：We formulate and estimate a dynamic model of marriage, divorce, and remarriage using panel data on two cohorts of Danish men and women. The marital surplus is identified from the probability of divorce and the surplus shares of husbands and wives from their willingness to enter marriage. We find that the educations of husbands and wives are complements. Education raises the share of the marital surplus for men but not for women. As men and women get older, husbands receive a larger share of th...
