-
作者：Vindigni, Andrea; Scotti, Simone; Tealdi, Cristina
作者单位：IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca; Collegio Carlo Alberto; Universite Paris Cite
摘要：This paper investigates social preferences over employment protection regulation in a general equilibrium model of dynamic labor demand and sheds some light on the comparative dynamics of Eurosclerosis. When firing costs are low, a transition to a rigid labor market is favored by all the employed workers with idiosyncratic productivity below some threshold; when their status quo level is high, preserving a rigid labor market is favored only by the employed with intermediate productivity. A mor...
-
作者：Zenou, Yves
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：The study develops a simple model where workers can obtain a job through either their strong or weak ties. It shows that increasing the time spent with weak ties raises the employment rate of workers. It also shows that when the job-destruction rate or the job-information rate increases, workers choose to relymore on their weak ties to find a job. The model is extended so unemployed workers can also learn of a vacancy directly from an employer. Results show that equilibrium employment and time...
-
作者：Falk, Armin; Huffman, David; Macleod, W. Bentley
作者单位：University of Bonn; University of Oxford; Columbia University
摘要：We conduct laboratory experiments where the market rules mimic labor market institutions and exogenously vary institutions to study the causal impact on subjects' behaviors. We focus on rules analogous to dismissal barrier institutions, such as employment protection legislation, and on institutions allowing bonus pay. We find that when constrained to fixed wage contracts, dismissal barriers reduce efficiency but parties react by evolving rising compensation profiles. When the option to pay bon...
-
作者：Perez-Arce, Francisco
作者单位：RAND Corporation
摘要：A public college randomly assigns applicants into a group that can enroll immediately and a group that can do so only after 1 year. One and a half years after the first group enrolled, individuals in that group were 19 percentage points more likely to be enrolled than those who had to wait. I present a model of educational decision making that predicts a substantial effect of deferral on attainment only when opportunity costs (wages) can vary across time within individuals. I estimate the mode...
-
作者：Oswald, Andrew J.; Proto, Eugenio; Sgroi, Daniel
作者单位：University of Warwick; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Some firms say they care about the well-being and happiness of their employees. But are such claims hype or scientific good sense? We provide evidence, for a classic piece rate setting, that happiness makes people more productive. In three different styles of experiment, randomly selected individuals are made happier. The treated individuals have approximately 12% greater productivity. A fourth experiment studies major real-world shocks dbereavement and family illness). Lower happiness is syst...
-
作者：Lu, Fangwen; Anderson, Michael L.
作者单位：Renmin University of China; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Many believe that classroom interactions play an important role in students' academic achievement, but there is little evidence on peer effects within subclassroom groups. We exploit random seat assignment in a Chinese middle school to estimate how the gender of neighboring students affects a student's academic achievement. We find that being surrounded by five females rather than five males increases a female's test scores by 0.2-0.3 standard deviations but has no significant effects on a mal...
-
作者：Freeman, Richard B.; Huang, Wei
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：By examining the ethnic identity of authors in over 2.5 million scientific papers written by US-based authors from 1985 to 2008, we find that persons of similar ethnicity coauthor together more frequently than predicted by their proportion among authors. The greater homophily is associated with publication in lower-impact journals and with fewer citations. Meanwhile, papers with authors in more locations and with longer reference lists get published in higher-impact journals and receive more c...
-
作者：Kerr, Sari Pekkala; Kerr, William R.; Lincoln, William F.
作者单位：Wellesley College; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：We study the impact of skilled immigrants on the employment structures of US firms using matched employer-employee data. Unlike most previous work, we use the firm as the lens of analysis to account for greater heterogeneity and the fact that many skilled immigrant admissions are driven by firms themselves (e.g., the H-1B visa). OLS and IV specifications show rising overall employment of skilled workers with increased skilled immigrant employment by the firm. Employment expansion is greater fo...
-
作者：[Anonymous]
-
作者：Pan, Jessica
作者单位：National University of Singapore
摘要：This paper documents that the dynamics of occupational segregation are highly nonlinear and exhibit tipping patterns. Occupations experience discontinuous declines in net male employment growth at tipping points ranging from 25% to 45% (from 13% to 30%) female in white-collar (blue-collar) occupations from 1940 to 1990. These patterns appear consistent with a Schelling (1971) social interaction model where tipping results from male preferences toward the fraction female in their occupation. Su...
