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作者：Bound, John; Braga, Breno; Golden, Joseph M.; Khanna, Gaurav
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Urban Institute
摘要：We present and calibrate a dynamic model that characterizes the labor market for computer scientists. In our model, firms can recruit computer scientists from recently graduated college students, from STEM workers working in other occupations, or from a pool of foreign talent. Counterfactual simulations suggest that wages for computer scientists would have been 2.8%-3.8% higher and the number of Americans employed as computer scientists 7.0%-13.6% higher in 2004 if firms could not hire more fo...
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作者：Orrenius, Pia M.; Zavodny, Madeline
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas
摘要：Immigration may affect the likelihood that US natives major in science or engineering. Foreign-born students may crowd US natives out of science or engineering, or they may have positive spillovers on US natives that attract or retain them in those fields. This study uses data on college majors from the 2009-11 American Community Surveys to examine the effect of the immigrant share in US natives' age cohort while they are in high school or in college. We find some evidence that immigration adv...
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作者：Lindquist, Matthew J.; Sol, Joeri; Van Praag, Mirjam
作者单位：Stockholm University; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We explore the origins of the intergenerational association in entrepreneurship using Swedish adoption data that allow us to quantify the relative importance of prebirth and postbirth factors. We find that parental entrepreneurship increases the probability of children's entrepreneurship by about 60%. For adoptees, both biological and adoptive parents make significant contributions to this association. These contributions, however, are quite different in size. Postbirth factors account for twi...
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作者：Boenke, Timm; Corneo, Giacomo; Luethen, Holger
作者单位：Free University of Berlin; Free University of Berlin; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Free University of Berlin; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
摘要：We employ German social security records to investigate intragenerational lifetime earnings inequality and mobility of yearly earnings for 35 cohorts, starting with the birth year 1935. Our main result is a striking secular rise of intragenerational inequality in lifetime earnings: West German men born in the early 1960s are likely to experience about 85% more lifetime inequality than their fathers. In contrast, both short-term and long-term intragenerational mobility are stable. Longer unempl...
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作者：Lazear, Edward P.; Shaw, Kathryn L.; Stanton, Christopher T.
作者单位：Stanford University; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
摘要：How and by how much do supervisors enhance worker productivity? Using a company-based data set on the productivity of technology-based services workers, we estimate supervisor effects and find them to be large. Replacing a boss who is in the lower 10% of boss quality with one who is in the upper 10% of boss quality increases a team's total output by more than adding one worker to a nine-member team would. Workers assigned to better bosses are less likely to leave the firm. A separate normaliza...
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作者：Ganguli, Ina
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：This paper examines how high-skilled immigrants contribute to knowledge diffusion using a rich data set of Russian scientists and US citations to Soviet-era publications. Analysis of a panel of US cities and scientific fields shows that citations to Soviet-era work increased significantly with the arrival of immigrants. A difference-in-differences analysis with matched paper pairs also shows that after Russian scientists moved to the United States, citations to their Soviet-era papers increase...
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作者：Schmutte, Ian M.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：Despite their documented importance in the labor market, little is known about how workers use social networks to find jobs and their resulting effect on earnings. I use geographically detailed US employer-employee data to infer the role of social networks in connecting workers to jobs in high-paying firms. To identify social interactions in job search, I exploit variation in social network quality within small neighborhoods. Workers are more likely to change jobs, and more likely to move to a...
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作者：Delfgaauw, Josse; Dur, Robert; Non, Arjan; Verbeke, Willem
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tinbergen Institute; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Maastricht University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We conduct a natural field experiment in a retail chain to test predictions of tournament theory regarding prize spread and noise. A random subset of the 208 stores participates in two-stage elimination tournaments. Tournaments differ in the distribution of prize money across winners of the first and second rounds of the tournament. As predicted, we find that a more convex prize spread increases second-round performance at the expense of first-round performance, although the magnitude of these...
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作者：Dustmann, Christian; Glitz, Albrecht
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：This paper analyzes how changes in the skill mix of local labor supply are absorbed by the economy, distinguishing between three adjustment mechanisms: wages, expansion in size of those production units using the more abundant skill group more intensively, and more intensive use of the more abundant skill group within production units. We contribute to the literature by analyzing these adjustments on the firm rather than industry level, using German administrative data. We show that most adjus...
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作者：Kerr, William R.; Turner, Sarah E.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Virginia
