-
作者：Card, David; Mas, Alexandre
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Princeton University
-
作者：Angrist, Joshua D.; Cohodes, Sarah R.; Dynarski, Susan M.; Pathak, Parag A.; Walters, Christopher R.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University Teachers College; Columbia University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We use admissions lotteries to estimate effects of attendance at Boston's charter high schools on college preparation and enrollment. Charter schools increase pass rates on Massachusetts' high-stakes exit exam, with large effects on the likelihood of qualifying for a state-sponsored scholarship. Charter attendance also boosts SAT scores sharply and increases the likelihood of taking an Advanced Placement (AP) exam, the number of AP exams taken, and AP scores. Charters induce a substantial shif...
-
作者：Macartney, Hugh
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper provides the first evidence that value-added education accountability schemes induce dynamic distortions. Extending earlier dynamic moral hazard models, I propose a new test for ratchet effects, showing that classroominputs are distorted less when schools face a shorter horizon over which they can influence student performance. I then exploit grade span variation using rich educational data to credibly identify the extent of dynamic gaming and find compelling evidence of ratchet eff...
-
作者：Moscarini, Giuseppe; Postel-Vinay, Fabien
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study employment reallocation across employers through the lens of a dynamic job ladder model. Workers always agree on a ranking of employers at all points in time and search for better jobs both off and on the job. A parsimonious version of the model fits well the time series of gross worker flows by employer size from newly available US data from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey. Focusing on the US experience in and around the Great Recession, our evidence indicates that the job...
-
作者：Gelbach, Jonah B.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Authors often add covariates to a base model sequentially either to test a particular coefficient's robustness or to account for the effects on this coefficient of adding covariates. This is problematic, due to sequence sensitivity when added covariates are intercorrelated. Using the omitted variables bias formula, I construct a conditional decomposition that accounts for various covariates' role in moving base regressors' coefficients. I also provide a consistent covariance formula. I illustr...
-
作者：Altonji, Joseph G.; Kahn, Lisa B.; Speer, Jamin D.
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Memphis
摘要：We measure impacts of entry conditions on labor market outcomes for the US college graduating classes of 1974-2011. A large recession reduces initial earnings by 10%, through full-time work and wages, with small persistent impacts on wages. Those in high-paying majors experience smaller impacts on most labor market outcomes, widening earnings inequality across majors. In the Great Recession, early earnings losses are much larger than predicted given past patterns and the size of the recession....
-
作者：Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F.
-
作者：Ni, Shawn; Podgursky, Michael
作者单位：University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia
摘要：Rising costs of public employee pension plans have caused fiscal stress in many cities and states and have led to calls for reform. To assess the economic consequences of plan changes, it is important to have reliable statistical models of employee retirement behavior. The authors estimate a structural model of teacher retirement using Missouri administrative panel data. A Stock-Wise option value model provides a good fit to the data and predicts well out-of-sample on the effects of pension en...
-
作者：Kuhnen, Camelia M.; Oyer, Paul
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University
摘要：We empirically investigate the effect of uncertainty on corporate hiring. Using novel data from the labor market for MBA graduates, we show that uncertainty regarding how well job candidates fit with a firm's industry hinders hiring and that firms value probationary work arrangements that provide the option to learn more about potential full-time employees. The detrimental effect of uncertainty on hiring is more pronounced when firms face greater firing and replacement costs and when they face...
-
作者：Gronqvist, Erik; Lindqvist, Erik
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：We show that officer training during the Swedish military service has a strong positive effect on the probability of attaining a managerial position later in life. The most intense type of officer training increases the probability of becoming a civilian manager by about 5 percentage points, or 75%. Officer training also increases educational attainment post-military service. We argue that the effect on civilian leadership could be due to the acquisition of leadership-specific skills during th...
