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作者：Ajzenman, Nicolas; Bertoni, Eleonora; Elacqua, Gregory; Marotta, Luana; Vargas, Carolina Mendez
作者单位：McGill University; Getulio Vargas Foundation; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：Inequality in access to high-quality teachers is an important driver of socioeconomic student achievement gaps. We experimentally evaluate a novel nationwide low-cost government program that deployed two behavioral strategies to motivate teachers to apply to job vacancies in disadvantaged schools. These strategies consisted of an altruistic identity treatment, which primed teachers' altruistic identity by making it more salient, and an extrinsic incentives treatment, which simplified the prese...
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作者：Amodio, Francesco; de Roux, Nicolas
作者单位：McGill University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：How much can employers in low- and middle-income countries suppress wages below marginal productivity? Using plant and customs data from Colombia, we exploit predetermined variation across plants in sales export destinations combined with variation in exchange rates to generate plant-specific shocks to marginal revenue productivity and labor demand. We estimate a firm-level labor supply elasticity of around 2.5, implying that workers produce about 40% more than their wage level. This result is...
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作者：Englmaier, Florian; Grimm, Stefan; Grothe, Dominik; Schindler, David; Schudy, Simeon
作者单位：University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Munich; Tilburg University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Ulm University
摘要：Tournaments are often used to improve performance in innovation contexts. Tournaments provide monetary incentives but also render teams' identity and image concerns salient. We study the effects of tournaments on team performance in a nonroutine task and identify the importance of these behavioral aspects. In a field experiment (n > 1,700 participants), we vary the salience of team identity, social image concerns, and whether teams face monetary incentives. Increased salience of team identity ...
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作者：Fluchtmann, Jonas; Glenny, Anita M.; Harmon, Nikolaj; Maibom, Jonas
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); Aarhus University; University of Copenhagen; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Using data on applied-for jobs for the universe of Danish unemployment insurance recipients, we examine variation in job search behavior both across individuals and over time during unemployment spells. We find large differences in the level of applied-for wages across individuals, but over time all individuals adjust wages downward in the same way. The decline in applied-for wages over time is descriptively small but economically important in standard models of job search. We find similar res...
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作者：Brenoe, Anne Ardila; Canaan, Serena; Harmon, Nikolaj A.; Royer, Heather N.
作者单位：University of Zurich; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Simon Fraser University; University of Copenhagen; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We estimate the effect of a female employee giving birth and taking parental leave on small firms and coworkers in Denmark using a dynamic difference-in-differences design. We find little evidence that parental leave take-up has negative effects on firms and coworkers overall. This is because most firms are very effective in compensating for the worker on leave by hiring temporary workers and by increasing other employees' hours. In contrast, we do find evidence that parental leave has negativ...
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作者：Blau, Francine D.; Kahn, Lawrence M.; Boboshko, Nikolai; Comey, Matthew
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornerstone Research
摘要：Using Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics data, we study selection bias and the gender wage gap. Employing several methods, we find large declines in the total and unexplained gender gaps in wage offers between 1981 and 2015. Under our preferred selection correction method, the median total and unexplained gaps fell by 0.378 and 0.204 log points, respectively. These are larger declines than if we had not corrected for selection and simply measured convergence in observed wage gaps. However...
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Riehl, Evan
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：This paper asks whether reducing the informativeness of college admission exams reduces inequality in postcollege earnings. I examine a 2000 reform of the Colombian college admission exam that sought to reduce bias in scores. The reform reduced test score gaps between high- and low-income students by nearly 50% in some subjects, but it also decreased the exam's predictive power for abilities that matter in college. I find that the reform caused students to attend colleges where they were more ...
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作者：Atalay, Enghin; Sotelo, Sebastian; Tannenbaum, Daniel
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We introduce new measurement tools to understand the sources of earnings differences across space. Based on the natural language employers use in job ads, we develop granular measures of job tasks and of worker specialization. We find that jobs in larger commuting zones involve greater interpersonal interactions and have higher computer software requirements. Between 10% and 50% of task and technology variation between large and small commuting zones exists within occupations. Furthermore, wor...
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作者：[Anonymous]
