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作者：Zhang, Ning
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper estimates a dynamic life cycle model to study the long-term impacts of housing vouchers on employment and examine how policy reforms affect labor supply and well-being. I show that the current program decreases female employment by 17% and male employment by 7%. Compared with the current program, a proposed reform that provides every recipient with a flat-rate subsidy increases female employment by 4% and leads to higher welfare. Policies that offer a lower subsidy to a larger popul...
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作者：Aizawa, Naoki; Fu, Chao
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：We develop and estimate an equilibrium model with heterogeneous local markets, households, and firms, highlighting the interrelationship between various components of the health insurance system-employer-sponsored health insurance (ESHI), individual health insurance (HIX), and Medicaid-and their relationship with the labor market. We estimate the model exploiting variation across states and before and after the Affordable Care Act. We consider counterfactual policies that cross subsidize betwe...
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作者：Bergeaud, Antonin; Malgouyres, Clement; Mazet-Sonilhac, Clement; Signorelli, Sara
作者单位：Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Bocconi University; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique
摘要：Does domestic outsourcing react to technological change? We study the staggered diffusion of broadband internet in France in the 2000s and show that connected firms increased their outsourcing expenditures while decreasing the diversity of occupations they employ in-house. Meanwhile, employment in noncore occupations became increasingly concentrated in firms specializing in subcontracting services. Finally, we provide evidence that workers in high-skill occupations experienced salary gains fro...
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作者：Keane, Michael; Neal, Timothy
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：Many studies estimate the Frisch elasticity via two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression of hours changes on wage changes. However, 2SLS suffers from a power asymmetry problem that makes estimates far away from ordinary least squares appear spuriously imprecise. Hence, it is difficult for t-tests to detect a positive Frisch elasticity. We illustrate the problem using NLSY97 data. We estimate an elasticity of 0.60 for young men, but the t-test indicates that it is insignificant. The Anderson-R...
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作者：Lang, Kevin
作者单位：Boston University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Economists analyzing a well-conducted randomized controlled trial or natural experiment and finding a statistically significant effect conclude that the null of no effect is unlikely to be true. But how frequently is this conclusion warranted? The answer depends on the proportion of tested nulls that are true and the test's power. I model the distribution of t-statistics in leading economics journals. Using my preferred model, 65% of narrowly rejected null hypotheses and 41% of all rejected nu...
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作者：Kaila, Martti; Nix, Emily; Riukula, Krista
作者单位：University of Glasgow; University of Southern California
摘要：Children's and parents' incomes are highly correlated, yet little is known about how early-career shocks contribute to this correlation. This paper focuses on a consequential labor market shock: job loss. We document three new results. First, adult children born into the bottom 20% of the income distribution have double the unemployment following job loss compared with those from the top 20% and 154% higher earnings losses. Second, this increases the rank-rank correlation 30% for those impacte...
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作者：Brown, Meta; Flinn, Christopher J.; Mullins, Joseph
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; New York University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：To assess the child welfare impact of policies governing divorced parenting, such as child support orders, child custody assignments, and marital dissolution standards, one must consider their influence not only on the divorce rate but also on spouses' fertility choices and child investments. We develop a model of fertility, parenting, and divorce, from which we derive estimates of parental preferences and a child cognitive ability production function, using data on parental time allocation, c...
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作者：Barsbai, Toman; Steinmayr, Andreas; Winter, Christoph
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of Innsbruck
摘要：We analyze the impact of economic conditions at arrival on the economic integration of family-sponsored migrants in the United States. A 1 percentage point higher unemployment rate at arrival decreases annual wage income by 4% in the short run and 2% in the longer run. The loss in wage income results primarily from lower hourly wages due to occupational downgrading. Migrant and family networks help mitigate the negative labor market effects. Migrants who arrive during a recession take up occup...
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作者：De Groote, Olivier
作者单位：Communaute d'universites et etablissements de Toulouse (Comue); Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：I investigate high school tracking policies using a dynamic discrete choice model of study programs and unobserved effort. I estimate the model using data from Flanders (Belgium) and perform an ex ante evaluation of a policy that encourages underperforming students to switch to less academically oriented programs. This reduces grade retention by a third and dropout by 11%. Although it decreases college enrollment, the decrease in college graduation is small and insignificant. I also show that ...
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作者：Barrios-Fernandez, Andres; Garcia-Hombrados, Jorge
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Autonomous University of Madrid; Max Planck Society
摘要：This paper uses administrative data from Chile to provide causal evidence that the local institutions of the neighborhood in which inmates live after prison impact recidivism. Indeed, the opening of an evangelical church nearby reduces 12-month reincarceration rates among property crime offenders by 11 percentage points (18%). Similarly, the opening of nongovernmental organizations helping their beneficiaries to improve their earnings potential or overcome alcohol and drug abuse problems reduc...
