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作者：Colas, Mark; McDonough, Robert
作者单位：University of Oregon; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：US social transfer programs vary substantially across states, incentivizing households to locate in states with more generous transfer programs. Furthermore, transfer formulas often decrease in income, thereby rewarding low-income households for living in low-paying cities. We quantify these distortions by combining a spatial equilibrium model with a detailed model of transfer programs in the United States. The current system leads to locational inefficiency of 4.88% of total transfer spending...
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作者：Valder, Franziska
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：I investigate the link between access to the contraceptive pill, mental health, education, and labor market outcomes. Liberalizing education and labor market effects of access to the pill via its fertility control function are well established. More recently, however, a medical literature suggests a link between hormonal contraception and depression. Exploiting variation in access to the pill, I document substantial mental health effects of the pill. These mental health effects are driven by i...
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作者：Manski, Charles F.
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：Incomplete observability of data generates an identification problem. What one can learn about a population parameter depends on the assumptions one finds credible. Rubin has promoted random multiple imputation (RMI) as a general way to deal with missing values. The recommendation has been influential to researchers who seek a simple fix to the nuisance of missing data. This paper provides a transparent assessment of the mix of Bayesian and frequentist thinking used by Rubin to argue for RMI. ...
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作者：Cnossen, Femke; Piracha, Matloob; Tchuente, Guy
作者单位：University of Groningen; University of Kent; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：Using text data from curricula of the entire Dutch vocational education system, we extract verbs and nouns to measure basic cognitive and cross-functional skills, such as social, technical, and resource management skills. This method allows us to uncover, at a fine-grained level, the skills middle-educated students learn at school. We then estimate the returns to these skills. Results show that resource management and social skills have the highest return. Importantly, the returns to skills ar...
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作者：Frimmel, Wolfgang; Halla, Martin; Paetzold, Joerg; Schmieder, Julia
作者单位：Johannes Kepler University Linz; Salzburg University; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
摘要：We estimate the impact of parental health on adult children's labor market outcomes. We focus on health shocks that increase care dependency abruptly. Our estimation strategy exploits the variation in the timing of shocks across treated families. Empirical results based on administrative data show a significant negative impact on the labor market activities of children. This effect is more pronounced for daughters and for children who live close to their parents. Informal caregiving is the mos...
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作者：Cheung, Maria; Egebark, Johan; Forslund, Anders; Laun, Lisa; Rodin, Magnus; Vikstrom, Johan
作者单位：Malmo University; Malmo University; Uppsala University
摘要：Using a two-level randomized experiment, we find that job search assistance (JSA) reduces unemployment among the treated but also creates displacement effects. Analyses of mechanisms show that vacancy referrals from caseworkers to job seekers explain the positive effects for the treated by helping the job seekers apply to the most relevant jobs earlier. We also find that the overall assessment of JSA hinges on how the displacement effects hit the labor market and to what extent firms react by ...
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作者：Waldman, Michael; Yin, Zhenda
作者单位：Cornell University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Peking University
摘要：We consider how adverse selection affects the efficiency of turnover and postturnover job assignments. In the model, when a high-ability worker is not promoted at the worker's current employer because of a lack of available managerial openings, it is efficient for the worker to move to a firm seeking a high-ability worker to promote. But this type of turnover does not occur given asymmetric information and adverse selection. We show that up-or-out contracts can be an efficient response to this...
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作者：Shiu, Ji-Liang; Zhang, Sisi; Gottschalk, Peter
作者单位：University of Jinan; Boston College
摘要：This paper examines the driving forces of family income dynamics by developing a unified framework to estimate permanent and transitory variation in head earnings, spouse earnings, and transfer income, as well as permanent and transitory correlations between these income sources. A complete decomposition using the PSID 1970-2018 shows that transitory variation in head earnings alone accounts for more than half of the total family income inequality. Insurance against transitory shocks to head e...
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作者：Zhang, Weilong; Todd, Petra E.
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：This paper develops a spatial general equilibrium job search model to study the effects of local and universal minimum wage policies on employment, wages, job postings, vacancies, migration, and welfare. Workers search for jobs locally and in neighboring areas, deciding whether to migrate or commute after receiving remote offers. The model, estimated using ACS and QWI data, reliably forecasts commuting responses to city minimum wage hikes. Simulations show that low-skill (noncollege) workers b...
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作者：Ockenfels, Axel; Sliwka, Dirk; Werner, Peter
作者单位：University of Cologne; Max Planck Society; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Cologne; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Maastricht University
摘要：We compare evaluations of employee performance by individuals and groups of supervisors, analyzing a formal model and running a laboratory experiment. The model predicts that multirater evaluations are more precise than single-rater evaluations if groups rationally aggregate their signals about employee performance. Our controlled laboratory experiment confirms this prediction and finds evidence that this can indeed be attributed to accurate information processing in the group. Moreover, when ...
