-
作者：Cascio, Elizabeth; Lewis, Ethan
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College
摘要：Does opening the door to US citizenship for unauthorized immigrants cause out-of-control chain migration? We address this question using variation from the legalization programs of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). Exploiting IRCA's introduction and differences across metropolitan areas in program intensity, we estimate that each IRCA-legalized Mexican was responsible for the subsequent immigration and legal admission of one relative, in total, through 2019. Most sponsored...
-
作者：Bandiera, Oriana; Bassi, Vittorio; Burgess, Robin; Rasul, Imran; Sulaiman, Munshi; Vitali, Anna
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Southern California; University of London; University College London; Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRAC; BRAC University; New York University
摘要：There are 420 million young people in Africa today, and only one in three has a regular salaried job. We study how two common labor market interventions-vocational training and matching-affect the job search behavior of young workers. We do so by means of a field experiment tracking young job seekers for 6 years in Uganda's main cities. Vocational training amplifies the job seekers' initial optimism, leading them to search more intensively and toward high-quality firms. Adding matching has the...
-
作者：Machado, Cecilia; Reyes, German; Riehl, Evan
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Middlebury College; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Cornell University
摘要：We examine the effects of an affirmative action policy at an elite Brazilian university that reserved 45% of admission slots for Black and low-income students. We find that marginally admitted students who enrolled through the affirmative action tracks experienced a 14% increase in early-career earnings. But the adoption of affirmative action also caused a large decrease in earnings for the university's most highly ranked students. We present evidence that the negative spillover effects on hig...
-
作者：Kleiner, Morris M.; Xu, Ming
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Queens University - Canada
摘要：We show that occupational licensing has significant negative effects on labor market fluidity, defined as cross-occupation mobility, and positive effects on wage growth. We find that occupational licensing represents a barrier to entry for both nonemployed workers and employed ones. The effect is more prominent for employed workers than those entering from nonemployment. We also find that average wage growth is higher for licensed workers than nonlicensed workers. We find significant heterogen...
-
作者：Bamieh, Omar; Coviello, Decio; Ichino, Andrea; Persico, Nicola
作者单位：Universidad Andres Bello; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; European University Institute; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We document a causal relationship between business uncertainty and workforce management at the firm level by leveraging litigation-generated quasi-experimental variation in business uncertainty. The causal effects of business uncertainty on turnover, hiring, and separations are of the expected negative direction and of sizable magnitude. These consequences are stronger among firms that operate in sectors in which business uncertainty is intrinsically higher and can be attributed to the effect ...
-
作者：Boehm, Michael J.; Esmkhani, Khalil; Gallipoli, Giovanni
作者单位：Dortmund University of Technology; Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia
摘要：We quantify firm heterogeneity in skill returns and present direct evidence of worker-firm complementarities. Within a model of firms' demand for cognitive and noncognitive attributes, we show that identification depends on the availability of skill measures. Linking administrative data to test scores, we document worker sorting and convex earnings-skill relationships. We find that (1) both skills' returns vary substantially across employers and correlate weakly within firms; (2) workers with ...
-
作者：Keane, Michael P.; Ziliak, James P.
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; University of Kentucky
-
作者：Amior, Michael
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：The United States faces persistent spatial disparities in joblessness, which should theoretically be eliminated by population reallocation. Can immigration accelerate this adjustment process? I estimate that new immigrants account for 40% of local population adjustment since 1960. This vastly exceeds their share of gross migratory flows (just 10%). I attribute their excess response to the pull of migrant enclaves, which are disproportionately located in high-employment areas (a consequence of ...
-
作者：Ziff, Anna L.; Wiemers, Emily; Hotz, V. Joseph
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Syracuse University; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We examine the relationship between income volatility and life expectancy in mid-sized US commuting zones between 2006 and 2014. We use a commercial dataset, InfoUSA, to measure income volatility, which we link to estimates of life expectancy by gender, county, race, and income. We find that higher income volatility in a county is associated with lower life expectancy but only at the bottom of the income distribution and primarily for non-Hispanic Whites. Though we cannot extrapolate our findi...
