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作者：Carneiro, Pedro; Cruz-Aguayo, Yyannu; Salvati, Francesca; Schady, Norbert
作者单位：University of London; University College London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London; Inter-American Development Bank; University of Essex; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; The World Bank
摘要：We study the impact of classroom rank on children's learning using a unique experiment from Ecuador. Within each school, students were randomly assigned to classrooms in every grade between kindergarten and sixth grade. Students with the same ability can have different classroom ranks because of the (random) peer composition of their classroom. Children with higher beginning-of-grade classroom rank have significantly higher test scores at the end of that grade. The impact of classroom rank is ...
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作者：Zhang, Ning
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper estimates a dynamic life cycle model to study the long-term impacts of housing vouchers on employment and examine how policy reforms affect labor supply and well-being. I show that the current program decreases female employment by 17% and male employment by 7%. Compared with the current program, a proposed reform that provides every recipient with a flat-rate subsidy increases female employment by 4% and leads to higher welfare. Policies that offer a lower subsidy to a larger popul...
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作者：Elias, Ferran; Monras, Joan; Vazquez-Grenno, Javier
作者单位：Universitat de Girona; Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI); Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; Pompeu Fabra University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Barcelona
摘要：We study the regularization of 600,000 non-EU immigrants by the unexpectedly elected Spanish government following the terrorist attacks of 2004. By comparing non-EU to EU immigrants, we estimate that the policy did not lead to magnet effects. We then show that immigrant formal employment increased, while that of natives was not affected. However, there was a decrease in informal employment of both native and immigrant low-skilled workers. We document that tax revenues increased by around 4,000...
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作者：Deza, Monica; Mezza, Alvaro
作者单位：Syracuse University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：We exploit the natural experiment provided by the Vietnam lottery draft to evaluate the intergenerational effects of fathers' draft eligibility on children's propensity to engage in risky behaviors during adolescence using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Draft eligibility increases measures of substance use, increases intensity of use, decreases age of initiation-particularly for marijuana-and increases measures of delinquency. We also show that draft eligibility led to changes...
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作者：Ishimaru, Shoya
作者单位：Hitotsubashi University
摘要：This paper investigates the mechanisms underlying the causal link between childhood location and adulthood economic outcomes. I develop and estimate a dynamic model of individual choice of whether and where to attend college and where to work, accounting for home preferences, spatial search frictions, and moving costs. The estimated model suggests that spatial gaps in college and labor market opportunities, which stem from imperfect mobility in adulthood, play a more important role than variat...
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作者：Blundell, Richard; Bollinger, Christopher R.; Hokayem, Charles; Ziliak, James P.
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Kentucky
摘要：We present new estimates of earnings volatility over time and the life cycle for men and women by race and human capital, using Social Security earnings linked to the Current Population Survey. From the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, there is a strong negative trend in earnings volatility driven by a decline in transitory variance. From the mid-1990s, there is relative stability in trends of male earnings volatility due to an increase in the variance of permanent shocks. Cohort analyses indicate...
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作者：Arntz, Melanie; Lipowski, Cacilia; Neidhoefer, Guido; Zierahn-Weilage, Ulrich
作者单位：Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Utrecht University
摘要：This paper analyzes whether technological change improves equality of labor market opportunities by increasing the returns to skills relative to the returns to parental background. We find that in Germany during the 1990s, the introduction of computer technologies improved the access to technology-adopting occupations for workers with low-educated parents and reduced their wage penalty within these occupations. We also show that this significantly contributed to a decline in the overall wage p...
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作者：Altonji, Joseph G.; Giraldo-Paez, Daniel; Hynsjo, Disa; Vidangos, Ivan
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University; Yale University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：For birth cohorts 1935-44, 1945-62, and 1964-74, we estimate the contribution of education; permanent heterogeneity in wage rates, employment, and hours; labor market shocks; spouse characteristics and shocks; nonlabor income shocks; and marital histories to the age profiles of the variance of family income per adult equivalent. Education and employment heterogeneity are key sources of the rise in variance with age and across cohorts. Wage heterogeneity is important at all ages. Own characteri...
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作者：Chan, Marc K.; Liu, Kai
作者单位：University of Melbourne; University of Cambridge
摘要：We develop a tractable economic framework to study the impact of family structure on children's cognitive and noncognitive outcomes. Combining a sequential choice model with panel data on both biological parents, irrespective of subsequent relationship status, and on social fathers and a set of exclusion restrictions, we identify the unobserved heterogeneity of biological families and examine child skill formation via a control function approach. Time investments made by high-ability fathers h...
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作者：Feng, Shuaizhang; Hu, Yingyao; Sun, Jiandong
作者单位：Jinan University; Johns Hopkins University; Guangzhou University
摘要：We study the US labor market transitions using a latent variable approach, explicitly modeling the persistent misclassification process and the non-Markovian nature of the underlying true labor force dynamics. A closed-form global identification for misclassification probabilities and labor transition probabilities is established through an eigenvalue-eigenvector decomposition. Contrary to existing studies, our empirical results suggest that the observed data have understated the true mobility...
