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作者：Bold, Tessa; Broer, Tobias
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：We quantitatively evaluate a model of insurance with limited commitment where the requirement that contracts be immune to deviations by subcoalitions makes group size endogenous, as proposed by Genicot and Ray. We compare the model's predictions to panel data from rural Indian villages. Apart from predicting a realistic degree of insurance, the model captures the evidence along two new dimensions: First, the largest coalition-proof groups are substantially smaller than typical villages. Second...
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作者：Hassler, John; Krusell, Per; Olovsson, Conny
作者单位：European Central Bank
摘要：There is a scientific consensus that human activities, in the form of emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, cause global warming. These emissions mostly occur in the marketplace, that is, they are undertaken by private individuals and firms. Governments seeking to curb emissions thus need to design policies that influence market behavior in the direction of their goals. Economists refer to Pigou taxation as the solution here, since the case of global warming can be seen as a pure (n...
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作者：de Silva, Tiloka; Tenreyro, Silvana
作者单位：University Moratuwa; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Bank of England
摘要：We study countries' compliance with the targets pledged in international climate-change agreements and the impact of those agreements and specific climate laws and policies on greenhouse-gas emissions and economic outcomes. To do so, we compile and codify data on international agreements and measures enacted at the national and sub-national levels. We find that compliance with targets has been mixed. Still, countries that signed the Kyoto Protocol or the Copenhagen Accord experienced significa...
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作者：Genicot, Garance; Bouton, Laurent; Castanheira, Micael
作者单位：Georgetown University; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：This paper studies the political determinants of inequalities in government interventions under majoritarian (MAJ) and proportional representation (PR) systems. We propose a probabilistic voting model of electoral competition with highly targetable government interventions and heterogeneous localities. We uncover a novel relative electoral sensitivity effect that affects government interventions only under MAJ systems. This effect tends to reduce inequality in government interventions under MA...
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作者：Boeri, Tito; Ichino, Andrea; Moretti, Enrico; Posch, Johanna
作者单位：Bocconi University; European University Institute; University of Bologna; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Italy and Germany have similar geographical differences in firm productivity-with the North more productive than the South in Italy and the West more productive than the East in Germany-but have adopted different models of wage bargaining. Italy sets wages based on nationwide contracts that allow for limited local wage adjustments, while Germany has moved toward a more flexible system that allows for local bargaining. We find that Italy exhibits limited geographical wage differences in nominal...
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作者：Malmendier, Ulrike
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Personal experiences of economic outcomes, from global financial crises to individual-level job losses, can shape individual beliefs, risk attitudes, and choices for years to come. A growing literature on experience effects shows that individuals act as if past outcomes that they experienced were overly likely to occur again, even if they are fully informed about the actual likelihood. This reaction to past experiences is long-lasting though it decays over time as individuals accumulate new ex...
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作者：Bindler, Anna; Hjalmarsson, Randi
作者单位：University of Cologne; University of Gothenburg
摘要：This paper evaluates the effect on crime of creating a fundamental modern-day institution: centralized professional police forces tasked with preventing crime. We study the 1829 formation of the London Metropolitan Police-the first professional force worldwide. Using newly digitized and geocoded crime and police data together with difference-in-differences and pre-post designs, we find evidence of a significant reduction in violent crimes (despite the possibility of offsetting increases in cle...
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作者：Dauth, Wolfgang; Findeisen, Sebastian; Suedekum, Jens; Woessner, Nicole
作者单位：University of Wurzburg; University of Konstanz; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf
摘要：We use detailed administrative data to study the adjustment of local labor markets to industrial robots in Germany. Robot exposure, as predicted by a shift-share variable, is associated with displacement effects in manufacturing, but those are fully offset by new jobs in services. The incidence mostly falls on young workers just entering the labor force. Automation is related to more stable employment within firms for incumbents, and this is driven by workers taking over new tasks in their ori...
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作者：Chancel, Lucas; Piketty, Thomas
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; Paris School of Economics
摘要：In this paper, we mobilize newly available historical series from the World Inequality Database to construct world income distribution estimates from 1820 to 2020. We find that the level of global income inequality has always been very large, reflecting the persistence of a highly hierarchical world economic system. Global inequality increased between 1820 and 1910, in the context of the rise of Western dominance and colonial empires, and then stabilized at a very high level between 1910 and 2...
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作者：Langella, Monica; Manning, Alan
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：There has been increasing interest in recent years in monopsony in the labour market. This paper discusses how we can measure monopsony power by combining insights from models based on both frictions and idiosyncrasies. It presents some evidence from the United Kingdom and the United States about how monopsony power varies across the wage distribution within markets, over the business cycle and over time.
