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作者：Oprea, Ryan; Yuksel, Sevgi
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：We use laboratory experiments to study whether biases in beliefs grow more severe when people socially exchange these beliefs with one another. We elicit subjects' (naturally biased) beliefs about their relative performance in an intelligence quotient (IQ) test and allow them to update these beliefs in real time. Part of the way through the task we give each subject access to the beliefs of a counterpart who performed similarly on the test and allow them both to observe the evolution of one an...
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作者：Abrams, David; Galbiati, Roberto; Henry, Emeric; Philippe, Arnaud
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Bristol
摘要：We study spatial variation in criminal sentencing. We show the existence of local sentencing practices varying widely even across geographically proximate areas. Using compulsory rotation of judges in North Carolina, we find that judges arriving in a new court gradually converge toward local sentencing practices. We provide evidence that convergence in sentencing corresponds to a process of learning about local practices, which is accelerated by the presence of senior judges in the district, a...
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作者：Vera-Cossio, Diego
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：Locally targeted programs may exploit available information transmitted through local networks to improve the selection of beneficiaries, but the effective use of this information is not granted when the selection of beneficiaries entails balancing multiple targeting criteria that are costly to verify. This paper analyzes how local committees balance issues of neediness, productivity, risk, and favoritism to allocate subsidized loans to Thai villagers. Local committees in charge of managing vi...
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作者：Malik, Adeel; Mirza, Rinchan Ali
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Kent
摘要：YY This paper offers a novel illustration of the political economy of religion by examining the impact of religious elites on development. We compile a unique database on holy Muslim shrines across Pakistani Punjab and construct a historical panel of literacy spanning over a century (1901-2011). Using the 1977 military takeover as a universal shock that gave control over public goods to politicians, our difference-in-differences analysis shows that areas with a greater concentration of shrines...
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作者：Bielecki, Marcin; Brzoza-Brzezina, Michal; Kolasa, Marcin
作者单位：University of Warsaw; Narodowy Bank Polski; Warsaw School of Economics
摘要：This paper investigates the distributional consequences of monetary policy across generations. We use a life-cycle modelwith a rich asset structure as well as nominal and real rigidities, calibrated to the euro area using both macroeconomic aggregates and microeconomic evidence from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey. Life-cycle considerations allow to demonstrate the key role of maturing assets (in contrast to balance sheet holdings) for properly assessing the redistributive effects...
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作者：Iossa, Elisabetta; Rey, Patrick; Waterson, Michael
作者单位：University of Rome Tor Vergata; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; University of Warwick
摘要：Y We study competition for the market in a setting where incumbents (and, to a lesser extent, neighbouring incumbents) benefit from a cost or information advantage. We first compare the outcome of staggered and synchronous tenders, before drawing the implications for market design. We find the timing of tenders interrelates with the likelihood of monopolisation. For high incumbency advantages and/or discount factors, monopolisation is expected, in which case synchronous tendering is preferable...
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作者：Dusek, Libor; Traxler, Christian
作者单位：Charles University Prague; Hertie School
摘要：This paper studies how punishment affects future compliance behavior and isolates deterrence effects mediated by learning. Using administrative data from speed cameras that capture the full driving histories of more than a million cars over several years, we evaluate responses to punishment at the extensive (receiving a speeding ticket) and intensive margins (tickets with higher fines). Two complementary empirical strategies-a regression discontinuity design and an event studycoherently docume...
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作者：Chone, Philippe; Wilner, Lionel
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：In the late 2000s, a regulatory reform dramatically strengthened the incentives of French nonprofit (NP) hospitals to attract patients. Exploiting exhaustive data for surgery treatments between 2005 and 2008, and modeling hospitals as supplying utility to patients, we show that increased competitive pressure on NP hospitals caused them to perform more procedures, but did not inflate overall activity at the industry level. Although they have gained market shares over their for-profit (FP) count...
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作者：Gregory, Terry; Salomons, Anna; Zierahn, Ulrich
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Utrecht University
摘要：Digital technologies displace labor from routine tasks, raising concerns that labor is racing against the machine. We develop an empirically tractable task-based framework to estimate the aggregate employment effects of routine-replacing technological change (RRTC), along with the labor and product demand channels through which this aggregate effect comes about, focusing on the role of inter-regional trade. While RRTC has indeed had strong displacement effects in Europe between 1999 and 2010, ...
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作者：Acharya, Sushant; Dogra, Keshav
作者单位：Bank of Canada; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：We present an incomplete markets model to understand the costs and benefits of increasing government debt when an increased demand for safety pushes the natural rate of interest below zero. A higher demand for safe assets causes the zero lower bound (ZLB) to bind, increasing unemployment. Higher government debt satiates the demand for safe assets, raising the natural rate, and restoring full employment. However, this entails permanently lower investment, which reduces welfare, since our econom...
