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作者：Beg, Sabrin
作者单位：University of Delaware
摘要：I test the land and labor market effects of a property rights reform that computerized rural land records in Pakistan, making digitized records and automated transactions accessible to agricultural landowners and cultivators. Using the staggered roll-out of the program, I find that while the reform does not shift land ownership, landowning households are more likely to rent out land and shift into non-agricultural occupations. At the same time, cultivating households have access to more land, ...
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作者：Martinez-Bravo, Monica; Stegmann, Andreas
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：In July 2011, the Pakistani public learnt that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had used a vaccination campaign as cover to capture Osama Bin Laden. The Taliban leveraged on this information and launched an anti-vaccine propaganda campaign to discredit vaccines and vaccination workers. We evaluate the effects of these events on immunization by implementing a difference-in-differences strategy across cohorts and districts. We find that vaccination rates declined between 23% and 39% in dist...
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作者：Lewis, Logan T.; Monarch, Ryan; Sposi, Michael; Zhang, Jing
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; Southern Methodist University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：Services, which are less traded than goods, rose from 55% of world expenditure in 1970 to 75% in 2015. Using a Ricardian trade model incorporating endogenous structural change, we quantify how this substantial shift in consumption has affected trade. Without structural change, we find that the world trade to GDP ratio would be 13 percentage points higher by 2015, about half the boost delivered from declining trade costs. In addition, a world without structural change would have had about 40% g...
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作者：Coviello, Decio; Deserranno, Erika; Persico, Nicola
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; Northwestern University
摘要：We examine how workers reacted to a pay cut in a sales call center setting in the United States. The pay cut was implemented by raising two pre-existing sales targets, that is, by moving the goalposts. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we show that among the workers who experienced the pay cut, some chose to leave the firm (exit); others generated abnormally high customer refunds, in a way that hurt both them and the firm. (We define this work practice as counterproductive.) The firm ...
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作者：Jedwab, Remi; Storeygard, Adam
作者单位：George Washington University; Tufts University
摘要：Previous work on transportation investments has focused on average impacts in high- and middle-income countries. We estimate average and heterogeneous effects in a poor continent, Africa, using roads and cities data spanning 50 years in 39 countries. Using changes in market access due to distant road construction as a source of exogenous variation, we estimate a 30-year elasticity of city population with respect to market access of about 0.08-0.13. Our results suggest that this elasticity is s...
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作者：Backus, Matthew; Blake, Thomas; Masterov, Dimitriy; Tadelis, Steven
作者单位：Columbia University; Amazon.com; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We study disappointment and platform exit among new bidders in an online auction marketplace. In particular, we study a hybrid auction format with a Buy-It-Now option, which, when executed, will abruptly end the auction and cancel any standing bids. When this happens, if the formerly leading bidder is new to the platform, then they are 6 percentage points more likely to exit the marketplace for every additional day they spent in the lead. This is rationalized by disappointment-averse bidders w...
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作者：Chen, Natalie; Chung, Wanyu; Novy, Dennis
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Birmingham
摘要：Using detailed firm-level transactions data for UK imports, we find that invoicing in a vehicle currency is pervasive, with more than half of the transactions in our sample invoiced in neither sterling nor the exporter's currency. We then study the relationship between invoicing currencies and the response of import unit values to exchange rate changes. We find that for transactions invoiced in a vehicle currency, import unit values are much more sensitive to changes in the vehicle currency th...
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作者：Giustinelli, Pamela; Manski, Charles F.; Molinari, Francesca
作者单位：Bocconi University; Northwestern University; Cornell University
摘要：We elicit numerical expectations for late-onset dementia and long-term-care (LTC) outcomes in the US Health and Retirement Study. We provide the first empirical evidence on dementia-risk perceptions among dementia-free older Americans and establish important patterns regarding imprecision of subjective probabilities. Our elicitation distinguishes between precise and imprecise probabilities, while accounting for rounding of reports. Imprecise-probability respondents quantify imprecision using p...
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作者：Le Barbanchon, Thomas; Sauvagnat, Julien
作者单位：Bocconi University
摘要：We quantify the implications of voter bias and electoral competition for politicians' gender composition. Unfavorable voters' attitudes toward women and local gender earnings gap correlate negatively with the share of female candidates in Parliamentary elections. Using within-candidate variation across the different polling stations of an electoral district in a given election year, we find that female candidates obtain fewer votes in municipalities with higher gender earnings gaps. We show th...
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作者：Ortigueira, Salvador; Pereira, Joana
作者单位：Washington State University; International Monetary Fund
摘要：Retroactive tax legislation is constitutional in most high-income countries. In this paper, we are concerned with the fiscal and macroeconomic consequences stemming from retroactive income taxation. Within the context of a real neoclassical economy, we find that if the government can set taxes retroactively within the fiscal year-or if there is a positive probability that a future government will be able to use retroactive taxation-then there exists a multiplicity of expectations-driven equili...
