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作者：Castro-Pires, Henrique
摘要：This paper studies the optimal joint design of incentives and performance rating scales in a principal-manager-worker hierarchy. The principal wants to motivate the worker to exert unobservable effort at the minimum feasible cost. Given the worker's effort, two signals are realized: public and verifiable output and a private non-verifiable signal known only to the manager. The principal may try to elicit the manager's private information by requiring her to evaluate the worker's performance. P...
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作者：Ferraz, Claudio; Finan, Frederico; Martinez-Bravo, Monica
作者单位：University of British Columbia; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper analyzes how changes in the concentration of political power affect long-run development. We study Brazil's military dictatorship whose rise to power dramatically altered the distribution of power of local political elites. We document that municipalities that were more politically concentrated prior to the dictatorship in the 1960s are relatively richer in 2000, despite being poorer initially. Our evidence suggests that this reversal of fortune was the result of the military's poli...
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作者：Agranov, Marina; Dasgupta, Utteeyo; Schotter, Andrew
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; Fordham University; New York University
摘要：We study, both theoretically and experimentally, a communication game with and without seller competition and embed it in a psychological-game framework where players experience costs for lying, misleading others, and being disappointed. We derive the equilibrium predictions of this model, compare them to the setting without psychological payoffs, and test these predictions in a laboratory experiment, in which we induce both material and psychological payoffs. We find that the setting in which...
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作者：Alesina, Alberto; Furceri, Davide; Ostry, Jonathan D.; Papageorgiou, Chris; Quinn, Dennis P.
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作者：Guzzardi, Demetrio; Palagi, Elisa; Roventini, Andrea; Santoro, Alessandro
作者单位：Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; University of Milano-Bicocca
摘要：This work reconstructs novel series on income distribution in Italy combining survey data, tax data, and National Accounts both at the national and regional levels, and it analyzes the overall progressivity of the tax system. Our new Distributional National Accounts allow to correct for remarkable misreporting of capital income in surveys, to provide more accurate estimates of consumption, and to better account for the role of informal economy. Our fresh estimates show higher income concentrat...
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作者：Rossi, Pauline; Xiao, Yun
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; University of Gothenburg
摘要：This article uses China's family planning policies to quantify and explain spillovers in fertility decisions. We test whether ethnic minorities decreased their fertility in response to the policies, although only the majority ethnic group, the Han Chinese, were subject to birth quotas. We exploit the policy rollout and variation in pre-policy age-specific fertility levels to construct a measure of the negative shock to Han fertility. Combining this measure with variation in the local share of ...
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作者：Maitra, Pushkar; Mitra, Sandip; Mookherjee, Dilip; Visaria, Sujata
作者单位：Monash University; Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata; Boston University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; City St Georges, University of London
摘要：We conduct a field experiment in India comparing two ways of delegating selection of microcredit clients among smallholder farmers to local intermediaries: a private trader (TRAIL), versus a local-government appointee (GRAIL). Selected beneficiaries in both schemes were equally likely to take up and repay loans, and experienced similar increases in borrowing and farm output. However farm profits increased and unit costs of production decreased significantly only in TRAIL. While there is some e...
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作者：Enriquez, Jose Ramon; Larreguy, Horacio; Marshall, John; Simpser, Alberto
作者单位：Stanford University; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; Columbia University
摘要：Social media's capacity to quickly and inexpensively reach large audiences almost simultaneously has the potential to promote electoral accountability. Beyond increasing direct exposure to information, high saturation campaigns-which target substantial fractions of an electorate-may induce or amplify information diffusion, persuasion, or coordination between voters. Randomizing saturation across municipalities, we evaluate the electoral impact of non-partisan Facebook ads informing millions of...
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作者：Duernecker, Georg; Herrendorf, Berthold; Valentinyi, Akos
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of Manchester; Corvinus University Budapest
摘要：In his seminal work, Baumol observed that developed economies suffer from cost disease, i.e., aggregate productivity growth falls because structural change reallocates production to services with low productivity growth. We document that cost disease importantly contributed to the productivity growth slowdown in the postwar U.S. To assess how severe cost disease may become, we build a model of structural change among the goods sector and broad services sectors. Calibrating the model to the pos...
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作者：Mahajan, Parag
作者单位：University of Delaware
摘要：This paper studies the impact of immigration on U.S. local business dynamics using a comprehensive collection of survey and administrative data. It finds heterogeneous impacts across the employer productivity distribution that favor higher-productivity firms and lead to increases in average local earnings. Responses to immigration along the exit margin are particularly important. Immigrant inflows cull establishments from low-productivity firms while preserving establishments from high-product...
