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作者：Daminato, Claudio; Padula, Mario
作者单位：Lund University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Universita Ca Foscari Venezia
摘要：To assess the life-cycle welfare effects of pension reforms, we provide a dynamic stochastic model of saving, portfolio choice, and retirement featuring a rich characterisation of the pension system. Relying on the exogenous variation from a sequence of Italian pension reforms, we identify and estimate the model, which is then used to draw implications of alternative pension policies. The validated model predicts substantial social security wealth effects on retirement, with the offset between...
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作者：Boeckerman, Petri; Kortelainen, Mika; Laine, Liisa T.; Nurminen, Mikko; Saxell, Tanja
作者单位：University of Jyvaskyla; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Turku; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; Aalto University; VATT Institute for Economic Research
摘要：We estimate the effects of health information technology designed to improve access to medication while limiting overuse through easier prescription renewal and improved information provision. We focus on benzodiazepines, a commonly prescribed class of mental health and insomnia medications, which are highly effective but potentially addictive. We study the staggered rollout of a nationwide electronic prescribing system over four years in Finland and use population-wide, individual-level admin...
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作者：Maitra, Pushkar; Mitra, Sandip; Mookherjee, Dilip; Visaria, Sujata
作者单位：Monash University; Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata; Boston University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; City St Georges, University of London
摘要：We conduct a field experiment in India comparing two ways of delegating selection of microcredit clients among smallholder farmers to local intermediaries: a private trader (TRAIL), versus a local-government appointee (GRAIL). Selected beneficiaries in both schemes were equally likely to take up and repay loans, and experienced similar increases in borrowing and farm output. However farm profits increased and unit costs of production decreased significantly only in TRAIL. While there is some e...
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作者：Epstein, Larry G.; Halevy, Yoram
作者单位：McGill University; University of Toronto; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：Decisions under uncertainty are often made with information whose interpretation is uncertain because multiple interpretations are possible. Individuals may perceive and handle uncertainty about interpretation differently and in ways that are not directly observable to a modeler. This paper identifies and experimentally examines behavior that can be interpreted as reflecting an individual's attitude toward such uncertainty.
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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Pekkarinen, Tuomas; Salvanes, Kjell G.; Sarvimaeki, Matti
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); VATT Institute for Economic Research; Aalto University; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：Upon assuming power for the first time in 1935, the Norwegian Labour Party delivered on its promise for a major schooling reform. The reform raised minimum instruction time in less-developed rural areas and boosted the resources available to rural schools, reducing class size, and raising teacher salaries. We show that cohorts more intensively affected by the reform increased their education and experienced higher labor income. Our main result is that the schooling reform also boosted support ...
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作者：Alesina, Alberto; Furceri, Davide; Ostry, Jonathan D.; Papageorgiou, Chris; Quinn, Dennis P.
作者单位：Harvard University; International Monetary Fund; Georgetown University; Georgetown University
摘要：We present two new databases we have constructed to explore the electoral consequences of structural economic policy reforms. One database measures reforms in domestic finance, external finance, trade, product, and labor markets covering 90 advanced and developing economies from 1973 to 2014. The other chronicles the timing and results of national elections. We find that liberalizing reforms are associated with economic benefits that accrue only gradually over time. Because of this delay, libe...
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作者：Savignac, Frederique; Gautier, Erwan; Gorodnichenko, Yuriy; Coibion, Olivier
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of France; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Using a new survey of firms' inflation expectations in France, we provide novel evidence about the measurement and formation of inflation expectations on the part of firms. First, French firms report inflation expectations with a smaller, but still positive, bias than households and display less disagreement. Second, we characterize the extent and manner in which the wording of questions matters for the measurement of firms' inflation expectations. Third, we document whether and how the positi...
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作者：Acharya, Avidit; Grillo, Edoardo; Sugaya, Takuo; Turkel, Eray
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; University of Padua
摘要：We develop a model of electoral campaigns in which two office-motivated candidates allocate their budgets over time to affect their odds of winning. We measure the candidates' evolving odds of winning using a state variable that tends to decay over time, and we refer to it as the candidates' relative popularity. In our baseline model, the equilibrium ratio of spending by each candidate equals the ratio of their initial budgets; spending is independent of past realizations of relative popularit...
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作者：Ziegler, Andreas G. B.; Romagnoli, Giorgia; Offerman, Theo
作者单位：University of Essex; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We examine how the erosion of morals, norms, and norm compliance in markets depends on the market power of individual traders. Previously studied markets allow traders to exchange at most one unit and provide market power to individual traders by de-activating two forces: (i) the replacement logic, whereby immoral trading is justified by the belief that others would trade otherwise and (ii) market selection, by which the least moral trader determines aggregate quantities. In an experiment, we ...
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作者：Deserranno, Erika; Nansamba, Aisha; Qian, Nancy
作者单位：Bocconi University
摘要：This paper investigates whether NGO-provided basic healthcare crowds out or crowds in similar services provided by the government in rural Uganda. We find that NGO entry reduces the number of government workers, which leads to a reduction in government-provided health services. The results are driven by the NGO often hiring the government worker in places where skilled labor is scarce. In places where skilled labor is relatively abundant, the NGO hires a second person and complements governmen...
